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Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by hyperthyroidism and is caused by an interplayof genetic and environmental factors. One-third of patients with GD develop Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO). Keyprocesses in the pathogenesis of GO are inflammation and adipogenesis in orbital tissue. Strong risk factorsassociated with the development of GO are smoking and radioiodine treatment
Aims: We investigated the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes in relation to a healthy lifestyle, the proportion of patients attributable to an unhealthy lifestyle, and the influence of family history of diabetes (FHD) and genetic susceptibility. Methods: The population-based study included incident LADA (n = 571), type 2 diabetes (n = 1962), and matched control
Life is about timing.-Carl LewisThe understanding of autoimmune type 1 diabetes is increasing, and examining etiology separate from pathogenesis has become crucial. The components to explain type 1 diabetes development have been known for some time. The strong association with HLA has been researched for nearly 50 years. Genome-wide association studies added another 60+ non-HLA genetic factors wit
A large contribution to glucose elimination from the circulation is achieved by insulin-independent processes. We have previously shown that the two incretin hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) increase this process and, therefore, seem to contribute to glucose disposal both through this effect and through the classical incretin effect r
Lignin is one of the world's most abundant organic polymers, and 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate lactonase (LigI) catalyzes the hydrolysis of 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate (PDC) in the degradation of lignin. The pH has profound effects on enzyme catalysis and therefore we studied this in the context of LigI. We found that changes of the pH mostly affects surface residues, while the residues at the active
BACKGROUND: Autonomous cortisol secretion in patients with adrenal incidentalomas is associated with increased mortality, but detailed information about the risk associated with specific levels of autonomous cortisol secretion is not available.OBJECTIVE: To measure the association between mortality and levels of autonomous cortisol secretion in patients with adrenal incidentalomas.DESIGN: Retrospe
This opinion piece takes Google’s response to the so-called COVID-19 infodemic, as a starting point to argue for the need to consider societal relevance as a complement to other types of relevance. The authors maintain that if information science wants to be a discipline at the forefront of research on relevance, search engines, and their use, then the information science research community needs This opinion piece takes Google's response to the so-called COVID-19 infodemic, as a starting point to argue for the need to consider societal relevance as a complement to other types of relevance. The authors maintain that if information science wants to be a discipline at the forefront of research on relevance, search engines, and their use, then the information science research community needs
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Accurate prediction of disease progression in individuals with pre-symptomatic type 1 diabetes has potential to prevent ketoacidosis and accelerate development of disease-modifying therapies. Current tools for predicting risk require multiple blood samples taken during an OGTT. Our aim was to develop and validate a simpler tool based on a single blood draw.METHODS: Models to predi
Background: Sepsis, the life-threatening organ dysfunction due to dysregulated host response to an infection, is a medical emergency. Early diagnosis and treatment are important factors to prevent mortality and morbidity. However, sepsis can be diffuse and difficult to interpret. Therefore, it is important to define models for early identification applicable in the Emergency Department (ED), in or
Social media offered new opportunities for politicians to engage withpublic. However, little research explored public perceptions of womenpoliticians, and their role in women empowerment, especially in nonWesterncontexts. This study used the qualitative methodology toexplore how young Emirati women made sense of women politicians andtheir social media posts. Drawing from the intersectionality theo
Aim: We aimed to study the feasibility and tolerability of a combination therapy consisting of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD-alum), Etanercept and vitamin D in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and evaluate preservation of beta cell function. Material and Methods: Etanercept Diamyd Combination Regimen is an open-labelled multi-centre study pilot trial whi
Introduction: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing in Iran. We assessed the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and Mets components in the Iranian population. Materi- als and Methods: The sample for this study comprised a random cross-section of men and women from two province districts who participated in the Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP) in 2007. Each part
Background and Objectives: The T-cell response to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the vessel wall plays a critical role in atherosclerotic plaque formation and stability. In this study, we used a new translational approach to investigate epitopes from human apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100), the protein component of LDL, which triggers T-cell activation. We also evaluated the potential of two selecte
A total of 15 SNPs within complement genes and present on the ImmunoChip were analyzed in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. A total of 5474 subjects were followed from three months of age until islet autoimmunity (IA: n = 413) and the subsequent onset of type 1 diabetes (n = 115) for a median of 73 months (IQR 54-91). Three SNPs within ITGAM were nominally asso
Background: The etiology of small intestinal cancer (SIC) is largely unknown, and there are very few epidemiological studies published to date. No studies have investigated abdominal adiposity in relation to SIC. Methods: We investigated overall obesity and abdominal adiposity in relation to SIC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), a large prospective cohort
Background: Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a key protein for the transport of cholesterol from the vascular wall to the liver. The formation and structure of nascent HDL, composed of apoA-I and phospholipids, is critical to this process. Methods: The HDL was assembled in vitro from apoA-I, cholesterol and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) at
Aims This prospective study focuses on risk factors for arterial damage in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods Eighty children and adolescents with T1D were investigated twice, approximately 2 years apart, for carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) and compliance (CAC), flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery, and plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8. Al
