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Hematopoietic cells emerge from hemogenic endothelium in the developing embryo. Mechanisms behind human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell development remain unclear. Using a human pluripotent stem cell differentiation model, we report that cyclic AMP (cAMP) induction dramatically increases HSC-like cell frequencies. We show that hematopoietic cell generation requires cAMP signaling through th
Rapid decarbonization of whole countries requires additional research, development, and demonstration of low-carbon energy technologies. Governments support research, development, and demonstration in this area with various financing instruments. These instruments are frequently assessed by carrying out indicator-based evaluations. So far there is no standard set of indicators for this purpose. Th
Socio-economic differences in health and mortality are substantial and increasing today in many developed countries. The sources of these differences remain debated. There is an expanding literature showing that early-life conditions are linked to health in adulthood and old age. However, our knowledge about whether beneficial treatments in early life influence later health is still limited. Using
Forestry and nature conservation can benefit from rapid on-line information on forest disturbances, such as insect attacks. This type of information would facilitate timely field studies and enable more rapid counter measures, as well as enable studies of the dynamics of an insect outbreak. In this study we developed a method based on MODIS derived NDVI for near real-time monitoring of insect indu
Electric and magnetic current densities are an essential part of electromagnetic theory. The goal of the present paper is to define and investigate stored energies that are valid for structures that can support both electric and magnetic current densities. Stored energies normalized with the dissipated power give us the Q factor, or antenna Q, for the structure. Lower bounds of the Q factor provi
Världen är föränderlig. För att kunna överleva måste allt liv kunna anpassa sig till rådande förhållanden. För cellen, livets minsta enhet, sker detta bland annat genom reglering av produktionstakten av proteiner, vilka är de molekyler som utför de flesta grundläggande funktioner. En speciell klass av proteiner utgörs av så kallade transkriptionsfaktorer. Dessa slår av eller på en gens produktion Living organisms can be viewed as complex biological machines. In order to function, they must regulate their internal mechanism to do the right thing, at the right time, and in the right amount. Part of this regulation is encoded in gene regulatory networks. These are built up of genes which produce special proteins (transcription factors, tf) that regulate other tf-producing genes. Thus a networ
Since the mid-2000s, Russia has increased its efforts to strengthen the legal rights of children and to improve the systems of social assistance to vulnerable families in in line with the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child. The reform drive has met fierce resistance by a grassroots mobilization in defence of ‘traditional Russian family values’. Child rights are conceived of as weapons in a W
In this chapter I propose a social constructionist perspective on public relations, and will particularly focus on crisis communication as an important sub-field, with inspiration from the American sociologist Peter L. Berger. Berger is most well-known for the book The Social Construction of Reality (1966), co-authored with the German sociologist Thomas Luckmann. This book has had a fundamental im
While previous research has advocated the use of online sales channels as a driver for international expansion, the nature of the relationship between e-commerce and international sales is still unexplored. The purpose of this paper is to create a parsimonious model where we investigate whether, and to what extent, strategies pertaining to the geographical scope of international operations moderat
The codification of canon law in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries occurred at the same time as important changes in pastoral practice. This article deals with changes in the practice of baptism that are tied to changes in canonical regulations.Canon law makes a fundamental distinction between solemn baptism and emergency baptism. While emergency baptisms could take place anywhere and at any ti
Experimental results for Na and K deposited at 100 K on the A1(100) surface using low-energy electron diffraction and high-resolution core-level spectroscopy are presented. Our results show that from a coverage of 0.20 monolayers (ML), Na condenses into dense islands with a local Na coverage of 0.50 ML. In the case of K, the overlayer condenses into islands at a coverage of 0.18 ML, with a local c
Thin overlayers of Na, K. Rb, and Cs on different sp-metal substrates have been investigated using photo-electron spectroscopy. The alkali core levels show clearly resolved binding-energy shifts between the surface layer, the intermediate layer(s), and the interface layer. The magnitude of these shifts depends on sp metal and on alkali metal. The layer-resolved core-level binding-energy shifts are
The origin of fine structure in the core-level photoemission spectra of the C2H4, C2D4, C2H3 and C2D3 molecules chemisorbed on Rh(111) is probed in a careful high-resolution study showing that this structure arises from internal molecular vibrations rather than from other chemically-shifted carbon atoms. It is shown by comparison of the adsorbate and gas-phase spectra that the underlying features
