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This thesis investigates how the design of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) systems influences two different packaging-waste outcomes across 12 EU member countries from 1997 to 2022. Addressing a gap in the empirical literature, the study develops a novel EPR Strength Index a two-dimensional measure that captures institutional (legal clarity, enforcement, transparency and reporting) and econ
I ett samhälle som präglas av samhällelig förändring och en politisk osäkerhet väcks frågor kring dess påverkan på unga och deras framtid. Denna studie ämnar därför till att undersöka frågeställningen “Hur upplever/resonerar unga kring sin framtidstro i relation till det politiska klimatet i Sverige och omvärlden?”. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur individer tillhörande Generation Z ser på
The figure-of-eight solution is unusual in being a stable solution of the planar three-body problem. To study its stability, we first implement a numerical integrator, the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method, and demonstrate that it is accurate enough to integrate the figure-of-eight for thousands of periods. To examine what effect initial perturbations have on it, we define two perturbation schemes, one
This study investigates the effectiveness of the portfolio balancing channel in the transmission of quantitative easing (QE) to term premiums in government bond yields in Sweden and the United States. Using an arbitrage-free Nelson-Siegel dynamic term structure model and a structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) framework, we estimate term premiums and assess the impact of central bank large-scale
Transformer-based sentiment analysis systems have become widespread in automated decision-making, particularly in the field of financial sentiment analysis. These models are easy to implement, inexpensive, and offer state-of-the-art performance in sentiment analysis. However, their rapid and broad adoption calls for careful evaluation of algorithmic bias in such models. Previous research has shown
To mitigate greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels in conventional transportation—including vehicles, ships, and aircraft—a wide range of alternative energy sources have been explored, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), methanol, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), biomass, solar energy, hydrogen, fuel cells, and batteries. Among these, battery electric propulsion syst
Detta examensarbete undersöker det framtida ekonomiska utbudet av flexibilitet i det svenska elsystemet till 2030, genom att tillämpa ett modelleringsramverk som kombinerar uppskattningar av marginalkostnader med tekniska potentialer för flexibilitet från olika tekniker. Dessa inkluderar användningsresurser (elpannor, värmepumpar och smart laddning av elfordon) produktionsresurser (kärnkraft, vattThis master's thesis investigates the future economic supply of flexibility in the Swedish electricity system by 2030, by applying a modelling framework combining marginal-cost estimates with technical-flexibility-potential assessments for a range of different technologies. These include demand-side resources (electric boilers, heat pumps and smart charging of electric vehicles) generation res
Empathy is a known word used in many private and professional contexts. People can relate to it, but the definition is elusive. It is also elusive in science, with different definitions depending on which scientific approach is taken. Also, within the field of social work, empathy is conceptualized and understood differently. Therefore, this study aims to explore how social workers describe and ut
This thesis delves into Louis Spohr and his First Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra, Op. 26, starting with an overview of the composer's life and his work. The analysis will provide a better understanding of the meaning and characteristics of this composer's writing during his musical career. The thesis also explores the performance of his concerto that is closer to the composer’s origin
Kullatorpssjön är en liten sjö på Kullaberg. Det var ett av de första landområdena i Sverige som blev isfritt för efter den senaste avsmältningen för ca 17 000 år sedan, och utgör därför en viktig dokumentation av den tidiga flora- och faunahistorien i Sverige. Detta projekt är en del av ett samarbete mellan paleoekologer och arkeologer vid Lunds universitet och geologer vid Stockholms universitetKullatorpssjön is a small lake located on the Kullen peninsula. This was among the earliest land masses in Sweden to become ice-free, roughly 17,000 cal. BP, following the last deglaciation, and so forms a vital record of the pioneer floral and faunal history of Sweden. This thesis is part of a collaboration between palaeoecologists and archaeologists at Lund University and geoscientists at Stockh
This paper explores how to implement high-contrast modes in modern game engines to enhance accessibility for low-vision players. Through shaderbased rendering modifications and post-processing techniques, a customizable accessibility mode was developed to improve object recognition and visual clarity without sacrificing game aesthetics. Conducted in collaboration with IO Interactive, a web-based u
Kriminella gäng i Sverige består nästintill uteslutande av män och utgör en kontext präglad av en starkt etablerad maskulinitet. Samtidigt har det synliggjorts att även brödraskap, lojalitet och kärleksyttringar formar den gängkriminella världen. Studiet av gängkriminella män utgår ofta från ett maskulinitetsperspektiv, men tenderar i somliga fall att istället fokusera på hur brödraskap tillsamman
As climate change and unsustainable waste practices present major global challenges, effective waste management in developing countries becomes critically important. In South Africa, organic waste constitutes a significant share of general waste and is often landfilled, contributing to methane emissions and serious health risks for the population. In response, the Western Cape province has introdu
In recent years, concerns about the damaging environmental effects of conventional plastics have surged, by which biobased and biodegradable plastics have been promoted as a favour-able alternative. Agricultural side streams have been proposed as a potential feedstock for extracting components for new compostable polymers. The present study investigates agri-cultural side streams for raw material
This thesis clarifies how the management of contaminated excavation soils can be made more sustainable and circular by applying in-situ techniques. Its aim is to map existing and emerging remediation methods, identify technical, legal and economic obstacles, and quantify potential climate and cost benefits, giving industry stakeholders a sound basis for increasing local treatment and reuse of soil
This study aimed to seek an understanding of how social workers work with people who practice violence in close relationships. The study was based on five semi-structured interviews with social workers from five different municipalities who currently or previously worked with people who practice partner violence. In our analysis, we used Goffman's Stigma Theory and the New Institutional Perspe
High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs) have emerged as a promising class of materials for extreme environments due to their unique compositional complexity and the resultant enhanced thermal stability. Among them, AlCoCrFeNi has garnered significant attention for its superior oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures, primarily owing to the formation of protective alpha alumina (Al₂O₃) surface oxide s
The growing use of digital tools in archaeological practice has led to a proliferation of data. Concerns regarding how to best manage and store these significant volumes of archaeological data have been addressed by the development of digital research data infrastructures which function to ensure the long-term preservation of archaeological information and make it available for reuse. Recent Open
Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV), a biodegradable biopolymer, holds promise as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based plastics. In this study, PHBV was biosynthesized and extracted, followed by an extensive evaluation of various downstream purification methods focusing on surfactant-based washing protocols. Different conditions of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) washing varying in temper
