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Background and aims: Gynoid fat (hip-thigh subcutaneous adiposity) is metabolically favorable, yet its genetic architecture and impact on liver diseases are unknown. We aimed to identify genetic determinants of gynoid tissue fat percentage (GTFP) and explore their clinical implications to liver disease. Methods: We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 37,385 European individuals fro
BackgroundOsteocalcin is a bone-specific protein involving many physiological processes, primarily bone turnover. Also closely related to the musculoskeletal system is the frailty syndrome.AimTo investigate if circulating osteocalcin levels and frailty are associated in the old, and in addition, if the presumed association is mediated through alterations in bone.Methods999 community-dwelling women
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been shown to reduce liver fat compared to saturated fat, but effects of a novel “anti-lipogenic” diet replacing carbohydrates with PUFA (LCPUFA) or a low-fat healthy Nordic diet (HND) rich in whole-grains are unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of these diets, as compared with usual care (UC), on liver fat (primary outcome) a
Context. The chemical abundances of alpha elements in Galactic Centre (GC) supergiants provide key insights into the chemical enrichment and star formation history of the Milky Way’s nuclear star cluster. Previous studies have reported enhanced alpha-element abundances, which raises questions about the chemical evolution of this unique region. Aims. We aim to reassess the alpha-element abundances
Background The answer to whether females or males have better health, and which sex is the more disadvantaged, has depended in part on the metric and how the inequality is measured. This study introduces a new method for analyzing and interpreting sex inequalities in health outcomes—defined as the avoidable sex differences in health outcomes—that is systematic and potentially more objective. For t
Wearable devices are becoming a cornerstone for personalized and long-term health monitoring, enabling early intervention and data-driven medical decisions. In this work, we present e-Glass, a state-of-the-art smart wearable device that enables unobtrusive real-time electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring. Our evaluation shows that e-Glass adheres to the established international guidelines for cl
We present a novel method combining existing cosmological simulations and orbital integration to study the hierarchical assembly of globular cluster (GC) populations in the Milky Way (MW). Our method models the growth and evolution of GC populations across various galactic environments as well as the dynamical friction and mass loss experienced by these objects. This allowed us to follow the traje
The cell cycle is a key regulator of endothelial cell specification into tip and stalk cell phenotypes, which are essential for angiogenesis in both normal development and pathological conditions. While the tumor suppressor p53 is known to regulate the cell cycle and influence cell fate, its role in modulating the cell fate of these phenotypes remains unclear. Using non-genotoxic small molecule an
Scholte wave surveys were conducted at both the laboratory and field scales to evaluate the reliability of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) with a fiber-optic cable resting on top of unconsolidated sedimentary deposits to determine the distribution of S-wave velocity underneath. Laboratory measurements performed in a controlled environment at the Deltares Laboratory facility demonstrated that DA
Aim: To determine how species richness gradients—commonly considered universal—vary across the phylogenetic hierarchy of birds and mammals, and to uncover how clade age and size predetermine the gradients. Location: Global. Time Period: Last 120 million years. Taxa Studied: Birds and mammals (~15,000 species). Methods: We used large-scale phylogenies of birds and mammals and captured the species r
Non-spherical particles play a crucial role in industrial and geological flows, however, a comprehensive description of their rheology as a function of inertial number and asphericity remains incomplete. In this study, we examine the influence of particle shape using spheroidal particles through simulations of simple shear flow under Lees-Edwards boundary conditions, focusing on the dense flow reg
Alternating shear rotations, also known as tacking, can effectively alter viscosity, the jamming point, and dissipation per strain for dense suspensions. For a given packing fraction, viscosity decreases with increasing cruising (tacking) angle, while dissipation shows a complex dependence on both packing fraction and cruising angle. Generally, the cruising angle required to reduce overall dissipa
Non-invasive methods for measuring thermal tolerance and thermoregulation in large numbers of individuals under natural environmental conditions are useful to understand the capacity of species to adapt to future climate scenarios. Infrared thermography (IRT) is one such tool in research on thermal adaptation, but concerns have been raised about its reliability, specifically the correlation betwee
Digital cognitive assessments have rapidly expanded in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research, offering a sensitive, scalable, and cost-effective alternative to traditional neuropsychological tests. This systematic review examines the validation and utility of digital cognitive assessments in cognitively normal (CN) individuals and explores their potential classification within the US Food and Drug Adm
Background: The purpose of this study was to analyse if there is a relationship between the directions of windswept hip deformity and scoliosis for children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to explore potential associations with spasticity, contractures and hip displacement. Methods: A cross-sectional registry-based study was conducted using data from the combined Swedish CP Follow-up Program and Nati
Air pollution has become a widespread consequence of human activities, with increasing urbanization and a warming climate shaping its distribution and effects. Organisms with distinct respiratory systems and physiological traits are exposed to multiple air pollutants across human-modified environments, particularly in cities. However, much of our current understanding of how air pollutants affect
Background: White adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction including an aberrant expression of miRNAs is strongly associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), with limited evidence linking early changes in the WAT-derived miRNAs and T2D. The present study aims to identify early miRNome changes prognostic for T2D in mice and humans. Methods: Gonadal (g) WAT of diabetes-resistant and diabet
Rates of hybridization are increasing globally, but we lack an understanding of both the history and evolutionary outcomes of hybridization for most species. This makes it difficult to understand whether, and to what extent, humans are influencing hybridization. Integrating field studies with whole genome data is a critical next step for understanding hybridization and the extent of human influenc
