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The disclosure relates to the development of methods for making hematopoietic stem cells from differentiated cells by introducing and expressing transcription factors. More particularly, the disclosure provides methods for redirecting differentiated cells to a hematopoietic stem cell state or to a hemogenic endothelial cell state by direct programming with specific combinations of transcription fa

In the philosophy of J. L. Schellenberg, “evolutionary religion” is a religious stance oriented towards the deep future. According to Schellenberg, the best form of evolutionary religion is non-doxastic faith in ultimism. I reject Schellenberg’s arguments for preferring ultimism and suggest that committing non-doxastically to traditional religion makes more sense from an evolutionary perspective.

The article critically addresses the 'allegiance' test developed by International Criminal Jurisdictions for the determination of protected personal status under the Fourth Geneva Convention. Through a deconstruction of its elements and the methodology employed in its creation, the author shows substantial and methodological flaws that showcase the test as highly questionable example of judicial l

Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E2 is an essential HPV16 protein. We have investigated how HPV16 E2 expression is regulated and have identifed a splicing enhancer that is required for production of HPV16 E2 mRNAs. This uridine-less splicing enhancer sequence (ACGAGGACGAGGACAAGGA) contains 84% adenosine and guanosine and 16% cytosine and consists of three 'AC(A/G)AGG'-repeats. Mutational inact

Background: The use of aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in men and women remains controversial. Our study aimed to investigate the role of aspirin in primary stroke prevention in men and women and the effect of aspirin on risk of ischemic stroke in patients with covert cerebral small vessel disease (ccSVD).Methods: We performed systematic searches of the PubMed, and Cochrane

This article explores how the acceleration of social time shapes the everyday work of museum and library professionals in Estonia and Sweden. Informed by theories on social acceleration and principles of constructivist grounded theory, 34 semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out. The ‘symptoms’ of the acceleration of social time create several temporal tensions in organizations, theref

Cytochrome c oxidase in animals, plants and many aerobic bacteria functions as the terminal enzyme of the respiratory chain where it reduces molecular oxygen to form water in a reaction coupled to energy conservation. The three-subunit core of the enzyme is conserved, whereas several proteins identified to function in the biosynthesis of the common family A1 cytochrome c oxidase show diversity in

Around 1900, Sweden had transformed into a modern industrial nation. A three-level technical school system, introduced in the 1850s, ensured that Sweden maintained a strong position among other industrialised countries. In this article, we study changes in the structure and financing of the technical secondary schools, the middle level of the system, between 1850 and 1919. Both local and national

In several graves from the Mesolithic sites of Skateholm, South Sweden, animal teeth were found. Some of these teeth were used as beads in clothing. The strontium isotope analysis of 11 animal teeth is reported and discussed in comparison with human values from burials at the sites and baseline values from South Sweden. Roughly half of the animal teeth are nonlocal and from different places of ori

Islet dysfunction is central in type 2 diabetes and full-blown type 2 diabetes develops first when the beta cells lose their ability to secrete adequate amounts of insulin in response to raised plasma glucose. Several mechanisms behind beta cell dysfunction have been put forward but many important questions still remain. Furthermore, our understanding of the contribution of each islet cell type in

Background: Sex chromosomes have evolved numerous times, as revealed by recent genomic studies. However, large gaps in our knowledge of sex chromosome diversity across the tree of life remain. Filling these gaps, through the study of novel species, is crucial for improved understanding of why and how sex chromosomes evolve. Characterization of sex chromosomes in already well-studied organisms is a

Fully localised three-dimensional solitary waves are steady water waves which are evanescent in every horizontal direction. Existence theories for fully localised three-dimensional solitary waves on water of finite depth have recently been published, and in this paper we establish their existence on deep water. The governing equations are reduced to a perturbation of the two-dimensional nonlinear

The Solar System’s orbital structure is thought to have been sculpted by an episode of dynamical instability among the giant planets1–4. However, the instability trigger and timing have not been clearly established5–9. Hydrodynamical modelling has shown that while the Sun’s gaseous protoplanetary disk was present the giant planets migrated into a compact orbital configuration in a chain of resonan

The throughput of macromolecular X-ray crystallography experiments has surged over the last decade. This remarkable gain in efficiency has been facilitated by increases in the availability of high-intensity X-ray beams, (ultra)fast detectors and high degrees of automation. These developments have in turn spurred the development of several dedicated centers for crystal-based fragment screening whic

Background: Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a severe form of pustular psoriasis with generalized eruption of sterile pustules, often along with systemic symptoms. There is a scarcity of population-based estimates of GPP prevalence and incidence. Objectives: To estimate (i) the prevalence and incidence of GPP in the Swedish general population and (ii) the prevalence of psoriasis vulgaris wi

This chapter presents and discuss a platform for small-scale drug candidate production, process development and performance studies of integrated continuous downstream processes. The main idea of the platform methodology is to use common available equipment and reconfigure them for advanced downstream processing. Five different industrial case studies are discussed. The resulting processes are aut