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I situationer där vårdnadshavare inte är överens om ett barn ska få psykiatrisk utredning eller behandling finns det en möjlighet för socialnämnden att besluta i en vårdnadshavares ställe enligt 6 kap. 13 a § föräldrabalk (1949:381) (FB). Bestämmelsen aktualiseras exempelvis när vårdnadshavare är oense om huruvida ett barn ska utredas eller medicineras mot ADHD. Syftet med bestämmelsen är att tillWhen guardians disagree on whether the child should undergo psychiatric assessment or treatment, the Social Welfare Committee may decide in their stead under Chapter 6, Section 13 a of the Children and Parents Code (FB). The provision is applicable, for example, where guardians disagree on whether a child should be assessed or treated for ADHD. The purpose of the provision is to uphold the princip

Som en motreaktion på de grymheter som begicks under andra världskriget, särskilt i samband med lagföringen av de ansvariga inom Naziregimen, utvecklades det grundläggande rättsliga ramverket för 1948 års folkmordskonvention. Folkmordskonventionen agerar som ett lagligt verktyg för att bringa skyldiga för folkmods inför rätta, men trots detta kvarstår många frågor inom konventionens ramverk. DennaIn response to the atrocities committed during the Second World War and especially with the prosecution of those responsible within the Nazi regime, the foundational legal framework of the Genocide Convention in 1948 was developed. The genocide convention acts as the legal pathway to convict those responsible for genocide, however many questions still reside within the conventional framework. This

Uppsatsen behandlar hur miljörelaterade fordringar hanteras när en verksamhet går i konkurs och i vilken utsträckning principen om att förorenaren ska betala får genomslag i svensk konkursrätt. Utgångspunkten är de praktiska problem som uppstår när kostsamma efterbehandlingsåtgärder aktualiseras först efter konkursutbrottet, samtidigt som det inte finns någon generell skyldighet för staten eller kThis thesis examines how environmental claims are treated when a business is declared bankrupt, and to what extent the polluter pays principle is upheld in Swedish bankruptcy law. The point of departure is the practical difficulties that occur when costly remediation measures become relevant only after the opening of bankruptcy proceedings, while there is no general legal obligation for the State

Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka det strukturella problem som uppstår i säkerhetsrådet när rådet hamnar i en rättslig återvändsgränd på grund av ett veto. Uppsatsen utgår från diskussioner kring soft laws påverkan samt användning inom folkrätten och huruvida det kan vara ett användbart instrument för att kringgå sådana rättsliga återvändsgränder. FN-stadgan konstruerades på ett sätt som möjThis essay aims to examine the structural problem that arises in the Security Council when the Council finds itself in a legal impasse due to a veto. The essay is based on discussions on the impact and use of soft law in international law and whether it can be a useful instrument to circumvent such legal impasses. The UN Charter was constructed in a way that allowed for this structural problem bec

I uppsatsen undersöker jag och diskuterar hur principen om obehörig vinst speglas i ersättningsregleringen vid upphovsrättsintrång. Arbetet innehåller också en diskussion om principen bör få mer genomslag i regleringen eller inte. Syftet är att utreda principens genomslag och vad ett utökat genomslag i ersättningsregleringen (54 § upphovsrättslagen (1960:729)) vid upphovsrättsintrång kan få för koIn this thesis I examine and discuss how the principle of unjust enrichment is reflected in the system of compensation for copyright infringement. The thesis also involves a discussion of whether or not the principle should be incorporated in a larger extent than it currently is. The purpose of the thesis is to examine the incorporation of the principle and to assess the consequences of an expande

Att utforma tvistlösningsklausuler som flerstegsklausuler har blivit allt vanligare inom kommersiella avtal. Sådana klausuler föreskriver en viss ordning för tvistelösning där ett inledande steg ofta utgörs av exempelvis förhandling, medan det slutliga steget vanligtvis är prövning i allmän domstol eller skilje-förfarande. Flerstegsklausuler beskrivs vidare som ett medel för att uppnå effektiv tviThe drafting of dispute resolution clauses as multi-step clauses has become increasingly common in commercial contracts. Such clauses prescribe a specific order for dispute resolution where the initial stage often consists of negotiations, while the final stage typically involves general court or arbitration. Multi-tier clauses are further described as a means of achieving efficient dispute resolu

Enligt 8 kap. 4 § rättegångsbalken ska en advokat redbart och nitiskt utföra anförtrodda uppdrag och iaktta god advokatsed. Bestämmelsen speglar advokatyrkets särskilda ansvar och aktualiserar bland annat krav på tystnadsplikt och diskretion, omsorg och kompetens samt lojalitet. Uppsatsen behandlar hur advokatetiska krav påverkas när generativ artificiell intelligens (GAI) används som arbetsverktyPursuant to Chapter 8, Section 4 of the Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure, Swedish lawyers (members of the Swedish Bar) must perform entrusted assignments conscientiously and with integrity and comply with good professional conduct. This requirement reflects the special responsibilities of the legal profession and, inter alia, engages the duty of confidentiality and the duty of discretion, the du

BACKGROUNDAndrogen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) have improved outcomes for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), but their clinical benefit is limited by treatment resistance.METHODSTo investigate the mechanisms of ARSI resistance, we analyzed the whole-genome (n = 45) and transcriptome (n = 31) sequencing data generated from paired metastatic biopsies obt

Introduction: A core element of caring science, is for caregivers to understand and collaborate with patients. Previous research shows that women receiving forensic psychiatric care evoke strong emotions among caregivers, but there is little research on the subject, and increased knowledge about caregivers’ experiences of providing care for female patients in forensic psychiatry, and of balancing

Multilateration, positioning a receiver using pseudodistances to known senders, is a problem with 5G and GNSS positioning applications. In contrast, trilateration uses direct distances and was reformulated as an eigenvalue problem in a recent work, resulting in a very competitive positioning method. This paper extends that reformulation to a more general class of problems subsuming multilateration

The publications of the roof-tiles from Acquarossa, Poggio Civitate and San Giovenale have left a number of issues in need of further discussion. Besides three sections of special character (1, 4, 6) and two concentrated on tile dimensions (3, 5), the article centres around five questions of more general interest: contacts between the early Etruscan/Latial and Campanian terracotta industries (2),

Hand-eye calibration is a common problem in the field of collaborative robotics, involving the determination of the transformation matrix between the visual sensor and the robot flange to enable vision-based robotic tasks. However, this process typically requires multiple movements of the robot arm and an external calibration object, making it both time-consuming and inconvenient, especially in sc

Importance Substantial improvements in childhood cancer survival have created a critical need to address serious long-term health complications, such as valvular heart disease (VHD). Objective To identify treatment-related risk factors for VHD in a large European cohort of long-term childhood cancer survivors. Design, Setting, and Participants This nested case-control study used data from the PanC

This open access edited volume discusses the impact of digitalization on taxation, using the Swedish welfare state model as a lens through which to examine the disruptive effect of new technologies on traditional tax models. Taking a multidisciplinary approach, it integrates perspectives from economics, law, audit, and public policy to shed light on contemporary challenges in taxation. With Sweden

This study aimed to explore how PEth and other commonly used alcohol biomarkers (CDT, AST, ALT, and GGT) respond to regular consumption of what has been generally considered to correspond to low to moderate amounts of alcohol over a 2-week period. A total of 21 voluntary participants (aged 31–69 years) took part in a 2-week drinking study. Group 1 (n = 11) consumed one glass of wine daily (16 g of

Background: The European ALLTogether protocol for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, initiated in Sweden 2019, introduced earlier asparaginase during induction, dexamethasone instead of prednisone for all patients, and omitted anthracyclines from low-risk induction to reduce treatment-related toxicity. Consolidation-1 was based on the Induction 1B-phase developed by the BFM-group, replacing m

In this paper we revisit positioning from Doppler measurements, using techniques from algebraic geometry to produce new theoretical insights and efficient localization algorithms. First, we give a full characterization of the problem, identifying for each problem their minimal configurations, that is the minimum number of receivers and transmitters to have a finite number of solutions. We also stu

This chapter explores key developments in international tax law amid the digitalization of the global economy. It examines challenges in taxing multinational enterprises (MNEs) and the OECD’s reform efforts under “Pillars One and Two”. The current tax system, designed for a pre-digital era, struggles to capture revenue from digital businesses, enabling profit shifting to low-tax jurisdictions and

The technical development, involving digitalization, artificial intelligence, automation, and machine learning, can challenge the current tax system and consequently the means to finance public sector activities in several ways. If technology replaces labor, a tax base that is taxed relatively hard will be replaced by a tax base (capital) that generates less tax revenue, and consequently, less tot

3:12-regelverket reglerar utdelning och kapitalvinst vid försäljning av aktier från ett fåmansföretag. Ett fåmansföretag har ett fåtal delägare som har beslutanderätt i företaget. Definitionen av ett fåmansföretag kan även uppfyllas i företag med flera delägare då dessa, under vissa förutsättningar, kan anses som en enda. Genom åren har 3:12-regelverket genomgått flera förändringar efter att ha anThe 3:12-rules regulate dividends and capital gains upon the sale of shares in a close company. A close company has a small number of shareholders who have decision rights in the company. The definition of a close company can also be fulfilled in companies with several shareholders as these, under certain conditions, are considered as one single shareholder. Over the years, the 3:12-rules have und