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Using three independent archival sources, we previously documented substantial declines in stunting and wasting in Portugal during the mid-twentieth century. This note revisits the original evidence, clarifies the descriptive scope of our analysis, and situates the observed anthropo-metric changes within the broader evolution of public health, nutrition, and social policy in Portugal. We show that
OBJECTIVES: Nociception monitoring during general anesthesia is evolving to improve intraoperative management and postoperative outcomes. While opioid-based anesthesia (OBA) remains widely used for its strong antinociceptive effects, concerns about opioid-induced adverse effects have fueled interest in opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) approaches. This study aimed to compare perioperative and postopera
We document a substantial glass ceiling in the Swedish labor market: women constitute less than 20% within the top 1% of the earnings distribution. Using a structural micro-founded model of a dual earner household with learning-on-the-job, we link this to the child penalty. While on parental leave, women accumulate less human capital on the job, get promoted to a lesser extent, and hence are less
Among the headlines:Did the Directive trigger any other discussion in the area of CB? Shrinking share of workplace union clubs and union representativesCollective agreements on co-determination ‘light’Reduced co-determination and reduced working hoursProblems with labour law requirements in public procurementsBig enterprises in new industries resist collective agreements, but very few new collecti
BACKGROUND: Obesity affects over 40% of US adults, with severe obesity on the rise. Despite recognition of obesity as a chronic disease, it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Access to evidence-based obesity treatment is limited, leading to increased obesity severity and related complications. Barriers to obesity treatment include socioeconomic disparities, limited clinician training, stigma
Frequency-dependent diffusion–relaxation distribution MRI provides information beyond the traditional voxel-averaged metric that may better characterize the microstructural features of biological tissue. Frequency-dependent multidimensional (ωMD) MRI reproducibility has been established in clinical settings, but has yet to be thoroughly evaluated under preclinical conditions, where superior ha
Importance: While clinical disease stages remained largely unchanged in the 2024 update of the Alzheimer disease (AD) criteria, tau-positron emission tomography (PET) was introduced as a core biomarker and its spatial extent was incorporated into the revised biological stages of the disease. It is important to consider both the clinical and the biological stages and understand their discrepancies.
Objectives: Sjögren's disease (SjD) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) share genetic risk at the DDX6-CXCR5 locus (11q23.3). Identifying and functionally characterising shared SNPs spanning this locus can provide new insights into common genetic mechanisms of autoimmunity. Methods: Transdisease meta-analyses, fine-mapping, and bioinformatic analyses prioritised shared likely functional single
The years 2023 and 2024 were characterized by unprecedented warming across the globe, underscoring the urgency of climate action. Robust science advice for decision makers on subjects as complex as climate change requires deep cross- and interdisciplinary understanding. However, navigating the ever-expanding and diverse peer-reviewed literature on climate change is enormously challenging for indiv
The European spallation source (ESS) will be the world’s brightest neutron source and will open a new intensity frontier in particle physics. The HIBEAM collaboration aims to exploit the unique potential of the ESS with a dedicated ESS instrument for particle physics which offers world-leading capability in a number of areas. The HIBEAM program includes the first search in thirty years for free ne
