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The last two decades have seen a significant increase in the number and quality of cross-national measures of institutions, which are also covering longer and longer time spans. However, despite the considerable progress that has been made, important measurement issues linger. This chapter argues that the key future challenge for the measurement of institutions is how to square objective or direct

Membrane-bound water channels known as aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate water transport across biological membranes along osmotic gradients. Since all living cells depend on their ability to maintain water homeostasis, this must be tightly regulated. In eukaryotes, this is achieved by gating, which involves a conformational change of the protein, thereby physically blocking water transport, or by traf

Common remediation and land management approaches often preclude economically attractive and low risk brownfield redevelopment. The authors argue that recently developed dynamic site characterization techniques can greatly improve sound decision making on land revitalization options. A number of these in-situ soil and groundwater test methods, such as MIP, ROST™/UVOST™, XRF and BAT, based on geote

Background: Strong evidence suggests that suicide attempters who repeatsuicide (re-attempters) may differ from those with a single attempt (singleattempters) in various clinical and sociodemographic factors. Furthermore, thereis some evidence that re-attempters may be characterized by higher levels ofneuroticism, a well-known risk factor for completed suicide compared to singleattempters.Purpose:

This review presents the status and outlook for shared energy systems (SES) and fifth-generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC). It provides an overview of the technical and functional knowledge encompassing design and development, operational and system architecture, and control and decision support systems of these technologies. The review also presents different tools and models found in

The citations of highly cited papers in the life sciences published in 1986 and 2000 was examined to determine the extent to which early impact predicts long term impact. Linear correlation between early and post-peak impact was found to be about 0.7

Dyspnea and chest pain are major and important causes of contact at the emergency department (ED). Dyspnea is associated with high morbidity and mortality, but data on characteristics and outcomes compared with chest pain in the ED are limited. This was a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with contact causes of dyspnea or chest pain at two Swedish EDs from 2010 to 2014. Hospital a

Understanding the microclimate in a given site influences the preconditions of sustainable development in many ways. Cold and strong winds in the winter will, for example, intensify the energy use in buildings depending on the air tightness of the building enclosure (Bagge et al., 2011), and in areas close to the seafront strong salty winds may also increase the wear and tear on building materials

We propose data-driven surrogate models to solve systems of time-dependent differential equations coupled with noise. Using a feedforward neural network, we separately learn the noise and solution, tackling approximations across regimes with bifurcations and rare events. Focusing on irregular data generated by a stochastic noise model on a one-dimensional spatial lattice coupled to a differential

INTRODUCTION: Social prescribing (SP) is an innovative model that connects individuals to non-clinical community resources. However, its uptake and evaluation have been hindered by inconsistent role definitions for key stakeholders. Although recent studies have refined SP definitions, outside the UK, the responsibilities, educational backgrounds and training requirements of social prescribing link

IntroductionWater scarcity is a growing problem, with estimates showing that 40% of the world’s population could face water shortages by 2030. This issue is even worse because only 3% of the Earth’s water is freshwater, while 97% is seawater. Finding better ways to save and use water is critical to solving this problem. At the same time, renewable energy is essential for reducing carbon emissions

Low-grade superficial connective tumors are a heterogeneous group of benign/reactive, intermediate—locally aggressive and intermediate—rarely metastasizing lesions arising in skin and subcutaneous/superficial soft tissues. The most common targets for fine needle aspiration (FNA) in this group of lesions are schwannomas, desmoids, and “pseudosarcomatous lesions” such as nodular fasciitis. Experienc

This chapter describes methods and procedures that can be used to calculate the absorbed dose distribution based on quantitative SPECT/PET images. In this context, quantitative images mean images corrected for various physical effects (among them are photon attenuation, scatter contribution, dead time) in such a way that the values of each voxel can then be translated into units of activity by a c

The aim of the present study was to determine the pollution load originating from storm water on Lake Vaxjosjon. Each year about 1,050,000 m3 of storm water are discharged into the lake. Storm water represents a substantial pollution source for the lake and therefore also a main reason for the hypertrophic conditions in the lake. In order to evaluate the effects of the discharged storm water on th