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The physical nature of water and the environment it presents to an organism have long been recognized as important constraints on aquatic adaptation and evolution. Little is known about the dermal cover of mosasauroids (a group of secondarily aquatic reptiles that occupied a wide array of predatory niches in the Cretaceous marine ecosystems 92-65 Myr ago), a lack of information that has hindered i
Although randomized controlled trials (RCT) are the gold standard for establishing causation in clinical research, their aggregated results can be misleading when applied to individual patients. A treatment may be beneficial in some patients, but its harms may outweigh benefits in others. While conventional one-variable-at-a-time subgroup analyses have well-known limitations, multivariable risk-ba
The pre-Talpha (pTalpha[?]) gene encodes a protein that forms the pre-TCR together with the newly expressed TCR beta chain during a defined stage of early T cell development. The restricted expression of this gene has been suggested to depend on a promoter and an enhancer element containing E boxes, which are potential binding sites for basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins. We here report that i
Process parameters for the extraction of glycolipids by scCO(2) from Lactobacillus plantarum B-01 were optimized by carrying out a two-level fractional design experiment. The highest glycolipids extract yield was obtained at 250 bar, 40 degrees C, CO2 flow rate, 10 g/min and hydrometanolic co-solvent, 9.3% (v/v). In the lipid extracts the carbohydrate moiety of glycolipids and in phospholipids pho
We characterize and control the harmonic emission in the spectral and spatial domains in order to define in which conditions the harmonic radiation can be a high-quality seed for soft x-ray and x-ray free-electron lasers. The length of the gas cell, where harmonics are generated, was optimized and the energy per pulse was determined in absolute value with a calibrated x-ray photodiode. The beam sp
The Kernel Density Estimator (KDE) is a versatile nonparametric technique with very good theoretical properties. It is used to obtain "smoothed histograms," which allows several distributions to be presented and analyzed more easily on one graph, and direct combination into average distributions. The application of the KDE method as a visual aid for the analysis of distributions of muscle fiber ar
Confidentiality is a major determinant of the accessibility and acceptability of sexual and reproductive health care for adolescents. Previous research has revealed that Lithuanian adolescents lack confidence in guarantees of confidentiality in primary health care settings. This study aimed to assess the factors that affect general practitioners' decisions whether to respect confidentiality for Li
This study describes and validates a new method for automatic segmentation of left ventricular mass (LVM) in myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) images. This is important for estimating the size of a perfusion defect as percentage of the left ventricle. METHODS: A total of 101 patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease underwent both rest and stress MPS and MRI. A new automated algorith
The natural radiative lifetime of the 3s 4p 1P1 level of neutral magnesium was measured by pulsed level-crossing spectroscopy at the short excitation wavelength of 202.6 nm. We obtained tau = 13.4(5) ns for this state, strongly deviating from a previous beam-foil result, but in good agreement with a multi-configuration Hartree-Fock calculation. A discussion of the applicability of the pulsed Hanle
Scand J Caring Sci; 2011 Online self-help tools for the relatives of persons with depression - a feasibility study Background: The Internet's potential as health care tool should be explored. Aim: One objective was to determine the feasibility of constructing a digitally based tool through an iterative design process in cooperation with potential users. The tool's purpose is to alleviate hardships
We present a portable system for non-invasive, simultaneous sensing of molecular oxygen (O-2) and water vapor (H2O) in the human paranasal cavities. The system is based on high-resolution tunable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLAS) and digital wavelength modulation spectroscopy (dWMS). Since optical interference and non-ideal tuning of the diode lasers render signal processing complex, we focus on Fo
Two different mathematical methods of implementing a detailed kinetic soot model have been employed in this work. The theoretical description of the soot modeling employed in this work is divided into three parts. Initially a detailed kinetic soot model is described from a chemistry and physics perspective. The soot model is then elaborated into mathematical form, starting with the formulation of
AIMS: To assess the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a self-administered questionnaire created to screen for symptoms of postpartum depression in the community, from an epidemiological and ethical perspective. Screening, as the practice of investigating apparently healthy individuals to detect unrecognised disease or its precursors, has interpretation problems and is complicated by del
The design and features of frequency-selective wallpaper created for attachment onto regular walls in order to filter out signals operating at 5 GHz while at the same time allowing the desired radio communication services to propagate through such walls are presented. An analysis of the characteristics of the radio channel evaluated in a typical indoor environment, when considering either regular
The cavitation phenomenon has today become a keystone for different areas of science and technology including various industrial processes and medicine. Recently increasing interest and much attention have been paid to study this phenomenon. The last two decades have witnessed the development of numerous devices for different important applications of considerable practical interest, and the rang
The Lake Poopo basin, located on the Bolivian Altiplano, is extremely vulnerable to environmental degradation. The basin displays extreme spatial and temporal variations of water resources and rapidly decreasing water quality due to anthropogenic and natural pollution. The region’s population lives in extreme poverty, and the authorities’ efforts to manage the water resources efficiently have been
Background The pattern of cancer in long-term survivors from childhood cancer has not been investigated comprehensively. Methods We obtained a cohort of 47 697 children and adolescents aged 0-19 years with cancer as defined by the country-wide cancer registries of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden during 1943-2005. Cohort members were followed through age 79 years for subsequent primar
