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How do you take a reliable measurement of a material whose microstructure is random? When using wave scattering, the answer is often to take an ensemble average (average over time or space). By ensemble averaging we can calculate the average scattered wave and the effective wavenumber. To date, the literature has focused on calculating the effective wavenumber for a plate filled with particles. On

Inflation-targeting central banks commonly fail to hit their official inflation targets, so targets are combined with a tolerance band which is either implicit or explicit. Taking the Swedish Riksbank as an example, this column argues that adopting an explicit tolerance band would better communicate to the public the central bank’s lack of full control over the rate of inflation and thus foster pu

Climate change has led to an increase in heavy summer rainfalls, and climate projections for Sweden indicate that there will be more sudden rainfall in the future. While the exact locations and time for this rainfall are unknown, it is known that there will be damages to buildings, cars, and people when the rainfall occurs. It is thus important to evaluate past events to understand the resulting f

This case explores the interplay between commerce and colonial expansion through the lens of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in the 17th century. Tasked with securing profit while navigating geopolitical rivalries, the VOC’s decision-makers faced dilemmas that blurred the lines between trade and conquest. This case places students in the role of the Heeren XVII, the governing board of the VOC,

We document a substantial glass ceiling in the Swedish labor market: women constitute less than 20% within the top 1% of the earnings distribution. Using a structural micro-founded model of a dual earner household with learning-on-the-job, we link this to the child penalty. While on parental leave, women accumulate less human capital on the job, get promoted to a lesser extent, and hence are less

Cellular redox state is an important metabolic variable, influencing many aspects of cell function like growth, apoptosis, and reductive biosynthesis. In this report, we identify NADPH as a candidate signaling molecule for exocytosis in neuroendocrine cells. In pancreatic beta-cells, glucose acutely raised the NADPH-to-NADP(+) ratio and stimulated insulin release in parallel. Furthermore, intracel

This paper argues for the relevance of the media history of the press. Using a broad and open media concept, this perspective should be understood as the study of the construction and communication of the self-images and ideology of the press. Rather than describing the complex of problems as images that are ‘spread’ through one channel (newspapers) by one actor (the press), it should be seen as a

The gene, acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (DGAT1), was recently identified as the one underlying the quantitative trait locus (QTL) for milk production traits in the centromeric region of the bovine chromosome 14. Until now, 2 alleles, the lysine variant (increasing fat yield, fat and protein percentage) and the alanine variant (increasing protein and milk yield), were postulated at DGAT1

Obesity is a complex disease with multiple well-defined risk factors. Nevertheless, susceptibility to obesity and its sequelae within obesogenic environments varies greatly from one person to the next, suggesting a role for gene x environment interactions in the etiology of the disorder. Epigenetic regulation of the human genome provides a putative mechanism by which specific environmental exposur

The flat tax rate is increasingly under scrutiny in West European countries as a model for taxation. Progressive taxation might be deemed as unsatisfactory to attract investment in the 21st century in a world of more global competition. Using macroeconomic data, this paper investigates whether the Baltic flat tax countries in Europe have higher growth rates than other transition economies. The fin