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Background: Lifestyle choices, metformin, and dietary supplements may prevent GDM, but the effect of intervention characteristics has not been identified. This review evaluated intervention characteristics to inform the implementation of GDM prevention interventions. Methods: Ovid, MEDLINE/PubMed, and EMBASE databases were searched. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR

Background. Ruling out acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the emergency department (ED) is challenging. Studies have shown that a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) <5 ng/L or <6 ng/L at presentation (0 h) can be used to rule out AMI. The objective of this study was to identify whether an even higher hs-cTnT threshold can be used for a safe rule out of AMI in the ED. Methods. The deri

Background: Polygenic prediction studies in continental Africans are scarce. Africa’s genetic and environmental diversity pose a challenge that limits the generalizability of polygenic risk scores (PRS) for body mass index (BMI) within the continent. Studies to understand the factors that affect PRS variability within Africa are required. Methods: Using the first multi-ancestry genome-wide associa

Introduction: Educational attainment, widely used in epidemiologic studies as a surrogate for socioeconomic status, is a predictor of cardiovascular health outcomes. Methods: A two-stage genome-wide meta-analysis of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) levels was performed while accounting for gene-educational attainment inter

We evaluate the shared genetic regulation of mRNA molecules, proteins and metabolites derived from whole blood from 3029 human donors. We find abundant allelic heterogeneity, where multiple variants regulate a particular molecular phenotype, and pleiotropy, where a single variant associates with multiple molecular phenotypes over multiple genomic regions. The highest proportion of share genetic re

Animal migration has fascinated scientists and the public alike for centuries, yet migratory animals are facing diverse threats that could lead to their demise. The Anthropocene is characterised by the reality that humans are the dominant force on Earth, having manifold negative effects on biodiversity and ecosystem function. Considerable research focus has been given to assessing anthropogenic im

Efficient scheduling is vital for railway maintenance, which is increasingly challenged by rising train traffic and infrastructure wear. Trackwork often necessitates the reduction of train speeds and the partial or complete closure of tracks. Despite advancements in maintenance technology, the efficiency of planning processes, especially the repetitive tasks of planners and the adaptation to unfor

We study experimentally and with wave optics modelling the absorption of light in CsPbBr3perovskite nanowire arrays fabricated into periodic pores of an anodized aluminum oxide matrix, for nanowire diameters from 30 to 360 nm. First, we find that all the light that couples into the array can be absorbed by the nanowires at sufficient nanowire length. This behavior is in strong contrast to the expe

A major challenge of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) is to translate phenotypic associations into biological insights. Here, we integrate a large GWAS on blood lipids involving 1.6 million individuals from five ancestries with a wide array of functional genomic datasets to discover regulatory mechanisms underlying lipid associations. We first prioritize lipid-associated genes with expressi

Pure hydrocarbons with shape and conjugation properties that can be switched by external stimuli is an intriguing prospect in the design of new responsive materials and single-molecule electronics. Here, we develop an oligomeric [8]annulene-based material that combines a remarkably efficient topological switching upon redox changes with structural simplicity, stability, and straightforward synthes

We report on local nowcasting (short-term forecasting) of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) hospitalizations based on syndromic (symptom) data recorded in regular healthcare routines in Östergötland County (population ≈465,000), Sweden, early in the pandemic, when broad laboratory testing was unavailable. Daily nowcasts were supplied to the local healthcare management based on analyses of the time la

BACKGROUND: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent substances with surfactant and repellent properties. Municipal drinking water contaminated with PFAS had been distributed for decades to one third of households in Ronneby, Sweden. The source was firefighting foam used in a nearby airfield since the mid-1980s. Clean water was provided from December 16, 2013.AIMS: The purpose was

Outcome under-ascertainment, characterized by the incomplete identification or reporting of cases, poses a substantial challenge in epidemiologic research. While capture-recapture methods can estimate unknown case numbers, their role in estimating exposure effects in observational studies is not well established. This paper presents an ascertainment probability weighting framework that integrates

We report on recent developments that enable megahertz hard X-ray phase contrast imaging (MHz XPCI) experiments at the Single Particles, Clusters, and Biomolecules and Serial Femtosecond Crystallography (SPB/SFX) instrument of the European XFEL facility (EuXFEL). We describe the technical implementation of the key components, including an MHz fast camera and a modular indirect X-ray microscope sys

The interactions between aerosols and clouds are still one of the largest sources of uncertainty in quantifying anthropogenic radiative forcing. To reduce this uncertainty, we must first determine the baseline natural aerosol loading for different environments. In the pristine and hardly accessible polar regions, the exact nature of local aerosol sources remains poorly understood. It is unclear ho

Introduction: It is well known that urinary tract infection (UTI) during pregnancy is associated with preterm birth, but information about the risk of preterm birth depending on gestational week of infection is sparingly described in the literature. Material and Methods: An observational study based on data from Swedish registers including women giving birth 2014–2020 (n = 684 595). Pregnant women

Background: Metformin is one of the most used drugs worldwide. Given the increasing use of proteomics in trials, bioresources, and clinics, it is crucial to understand the influence of metformin on the levels of the circulating proteome. Methods: We analysed a combined longitudinal proteomics dataset from the IMPOCT, RAMP and S3WP-T2D clinical trials in 98 participants before and after metformin e

Bacteriophages must overcome diverse bacterial immune systems, yet the molecular principles enabling such escape remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the phage homing endonuclease SegB facilitates immune evasion by promoting the segmental amplification of anti-defense loci. The antiphage defense Septu inhibits phage T6 replication by cleaving the variable loop of tRNATyr. We show that SegB