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INTRODUCTION: Huntington's disease (HD) is an incurable chronic neurodegenerative disorder that typically presents in mid-life with a range of motor, cognitive and affective problems. Patients are currently managed using a combination of drug treatments and non-pharmacological therapies but at present there is no "gold standard" treatment for any aspect of the disease.AREAS COVERED: In this review
We propose a novel approach to the problem of inverse kinematics for possibly redundant planar manipulators. We show that, by considering the joints as point masses in a fictitious gravity field, and by adding proper constraints to take into account the length of the links, the kinematic inversion may be cast as a convex programming problem. Convex constraints in the decision variables (in particu
This article explores push-pull dynamics in television drama production and reception. Push-pull dynamics are understood as complicated power relations in the transactions between television industries and audiences. The research is underpinned by qualitative data, drawing on more than 170 participants in interviews, focus groups, and participant observations, with producers and audiences from Nor
In the EU, it is believed that the potential benefits of academic R&D are not fully reaped. Much attention is, therefore, given to enhancing commercialisation in the form of academic spin-offs, patents and licences. There are, however, a number of problems with this way of analysing the effects of academic R&D. Its contribution must instead be captured by a systems approach and we go some
We study diffusion of cooperation in a two-population game in continuous time. At each instant, the game involves two random individuals, one from each population. The game has the structure of a Prisoner's dilemma where each player can choose either to cooperate (c) or to defect (d), and is reframed within the field of approachability in two-player repeated game with vector payoffs. We turn the g
The use of cross-flow ultrafiltration for the recovery of coating material from aqueous streams started about 30 years ago with electro-deposition paint in the automotive industry. This early success can be related to both environmental and economical advantages of using ultrafiltration. Ultrafiltration recovers and concentrates electro-deposition paint on the retentate side and produces purified
Four methods for deriving partial atomic charges from the quantum chemical electrostatic potential (CHELP, CHELPG, Merz-Kollman, and RESP) have been compared and critically evaluated. It is shown the charges strongly depend on how and where the potential points are selected. Two alternative methods are suggested to avoid the arbitrariness in the point-selection schemes and van der Waals exclusion
The number of nanoparticle-based products on the market is expected to increase considerably during the coming decades. For this to happen a solid supply of high-quality nanoparticles is needed. For metal nanoparticles no large-scale manufacturing method exists today but production using spark discharge generation is believed to be one of the most suitable candidates. Spark discharge generation of
A large Time Projection Chamber is the main device for tracking and charged-particle identification in the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC. After the second long shutdown in 2019/20, the LHC will deliver Pb beams colliding at an interaction rate of about 50 kHz, which is about a factor of 50 above the present readout rate of the TPC. This will result in a significant improvement on the sensitivit
The European Spallation Source is being constructed in Lund, Sweden and is planned to be the world's brightest pulsed spallation neutron source for cold and thermal neutron beams (≤ 1 eV). The facility uses a 2 GeV proton beam to produce neutrons from a tungsten target. The neutrons are then moderated in a moderator assembly consisting of both liquid hydrogen and water compartments. Surrounding th
In this discussion paper, we outline and reflect on some of the key challenges that influence the development and uptake of more inclusive and responsible forms of research and innovation. Taking these challenges together, we invoke Collingridge’s famous dilemma of social control of technology to introduce a complementary dilemma that of ‘societal alignment’ in the governance of science, technolog
Imaging through turbid environments is experimentally challenging due to multiple light scattering. Structured laser illumination has proven to be effective to minimize errors arising from this phenomenon, allowing the interior of optically dense media to be observed. However, in order to preserve the image spatial resolution while suppressing the intensity contribution from multiple light scatter
Background: Effective digestive enzymes are crucial for successful islet isolation. Supplemental proteases are essential because they synergize with collagenase for effective pancreatic digestion. The activity of these enzymes is critically dependent on the presence of Ca2+ ions at a concentration of 5–10 mM. The present study aimed to determine the Ca2+ concentration during human islet isolation
BACKGROUND: The Self-Reported Foot and Ankle Score (SEFAS) is a foot- and ankle-specific patient-reported outcome measurement (PROM) score that has been validated with good results for a variety of foot and ankle disorders. SEFAS is sensitive detecting improvement or deterioration after surgery. However, normative values, required to put a specific patient's summary score into perspective, are lac
We developed a novel analytical method for concentration determination of tandem single-chain antibody diphtheria toxin (immunotoxin). The method is based on polymethacrylate monoliths with Protein L ligands as the binding moiety. Different buffers were tested for elution of the Protein L-bound immunotoxin and 4.5 M guanidinium hydrochloride performed best. We optimized the elution conditions and
The objective was to provide a clinical setup for photoacoustic imaging (PAI) of the temporal artery in humans and to describe the challenges encountered and methods of overcoming them. The temporal artery was examined in 7 patients with suspect giant cell arteritis (GCA), both in vivo and ex vivo, and the results were compared to that of histology. To adapt PAI to human studies, the transducer wa
The demand for water recovery in the industry is increasingly important partly due to water shortage and partly due to tightening of regulatory requirements. In this paper water recovery solutions for two challenging types of wastewater - oily and polyvinylchloride (PVC) wastewater - are presented. The first part of the presentation analyses the operation and performance of a membrane unit operate
The use of cross-flow ultrafiltration for the recovery of coating ma-terial from aqueous streams started about 30 years with electro deposition paint in the automotive industry. This early success can be related to both environmental and economical advantages of using ultrafiltration. Ultrafiltration recovers and concentrate electro deposition paint on the retentate side and produces purified wa
A set of key performance indicators (KPIs) for manufacturing operation management is introduced in the ISO 22400 standard. However, KPIs are only defined at a high abstraction level and this hampers the standard's practical adoption. In this paper, a framework is introduced in order to solve this weakness. Starting from the analysis of the relevant measurements used in the KPIs’ formulas, a classi
