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This study aims to investigate how the former British colonies, Nigeria and Sierra Leone have developed after gaining independence and which factors have played the most significant role in their economic growth. The two countries have experienced different economic growth which justifies the purpose of the study. This will be conducted using a 'Most Similar Design System'. The goal of thi
With the rapid and alarming rate at which forests are disappearing around the world, it is of great importance to effectively estimate loss of forest cover due to different causes. Among those causes illegal logging is a particularly enigmatic and dangerous one made well-known by the destruction of the tropical rainforests of South America and Southeast Asia. A less glamorous hotspot of illegal lo
Context. Globular clusters exhibit star-to-star chemical variations that are traceable through both photometric and spectroscopic data. While UV photometry and light-elements such as Na and O are commonly used for this purpose, the optical V versus (V-I) color magnitude diagram (CMD) is often assumed to be relatively unaffected by such inhomogeneities and is used to derive basic cluster parameters
Intensive agricultural practices can dramatically change the landscape, thereby increasing the concentrations and rates at which nutrients are delivered to aquatic ecosystems. In the United States, concerns about accelerating rates of lake eutrophication related to increases in nutrient loading require a method of quantifying ecological changes that have occurred since European settlement. Because
Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is a promising power storage solution for the challenges succeeding the Swedish renewable energy transition. Although, it is a niche innovation facing obstacles such as inadequate infrastructure, uncertainties of battery degradation and a lack of appropriate standards, which hinders its development. This thesis explores the business case for V2X for X Shore’s electric b
The aim of this study is to understand how employment officers within the sections of establishment at the employment office think of newly arrived immigrant women´s establishment on the Swedish labour market. The study is based on the effecting factors from a micro and macro perspective, I have therefor chosen to look at the enabling and the aggravating factors in relation to individual and socia
Denna framställning berör kränkningar som riktar sig mot den personliga integriteten och som framförs via internet. Nätbaserade kränkningar är ett problem vilket drabbar många enskilda som deltar i debatter eller har delar av sina sociala liv på internet. Olika grupper utsätts för olika typer av kränkningar och vissa grupper är mer utsatta än andra. Det är viktigt att lagstiftningen håller sig uppThis essay aims to investigate the legal consequences of online harassment. Violations of the personal privacy of frequent social media users are a growing problem, which affects a big part of the population. Current legislation regarding different kinds of harassment is mainly focused on physical acts. This might be problematic since online harassment does not take place in the physical world but
The use of land in the Swedish city of Lund is a question that has attracted a lot of attention in the last couple of years. The city is in need of expansion but ideas of where and how to accomplish this has differed until the release of the latest general plan which dictates that all major developments should be realized by densification. The city is surrounded by high value farmland which needs
This paper introduces a novel dataset that serves as a prototype of what we call the ‘Job Ads Database’ (JADB). The underlying job advertisements are gathered from the Swedish digitalized newspaper corpus hosted by and made accessible through the Swedish National Library (Kungliga Biblioteket). JADB enables studying how the frequency and content of job advertisements change over time and sheds new
Several Zn-porphyrin (ZnP) derivatives were designed to build highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC). It was found that solar cell efficiencies normalized for surface coverage (eta(rel)) are affected by the molecular spacer connecting the porphyrin core to the TiO2 surface, the sensitization conditions (solvent and time), and, to a lesser extent, the nature of the terminal group of the
A total of 45 subfossil reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) antlers and bones - artefacts excluded - have been found over the years in the Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The relatively high number of specimens suggests a stable residence of the species in the eastern Baltic region. For the first time, 12 of these finds were radiocarbon-dated. The ages of the samples range between 1208
The Greenland ice core from NorthGRIP (NGRIP) contains a proxy climate record across the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary of unprecedented clarity and resolution. Analysis of an array of physical and chemical parameters within the ice enables the base of the Holocene, as reflected in the first signs of climatic warming at the end of the Younger Dryas/Greenland Stadial 1 cold phase, to be located with
BACKGROUND: The way GPs work does not appear to be adapted to the needs of depressive patients. Therefore we wanted to examine Swedish GPs' conceptions of depressive disorders and their treatment and GPs' ideas of factors that may influence their manner of work with depressive patients. METHODS: A postal questionnaire to a stratified sample of 617 Swedish GPs. RESULTS: Most respondents assumed ant
The main objective of this paper is to develop a proven model which allows the study of the non-stationary effects in district heating systems, which are associated with time lag, between heat generation and the final consumption of the heat. A finite element model was developed which incorporates one-dimensional fluid elements together with thermal elements sets. This enables a description of the
The recent more or less complete return and recovery in Skåne, southern-most Sweden, of epiphytic bryophyes known to have suffered from atmospheric pollution in the mid 1900’s, e.g. Zygodon rupestris, Antitrichia curtipendula, Leucodon sciuroides, Orthotrichum lyellii, O. speciosum and O. stramineum, is here discussed and illustrated on maps. However, apart from these successful recoveries, at lea
Cognitive robots, able to adapt their actions based on sensory information and the management of uncertainty, have begun to find their way into manufacturing settings. However, the full potential of these robots has not been fully exploited, largely due to the lack of vertical integration with existing IT infrastructures, such as the manufacturing execution system (MES), as part of a large-scale cCognitive robots, able to adapt their actions based on sensory information and the management of uncertainty, have begun to find their way into manufacturing settings. However, the full potential of these robots has not been fully exploited, largely due to the lack of vertical integration with existing IT infrastructures, such as the manufacturing execution system (MES), as part of a large-scale c
Finance ministries are increasingly involved in UN climate finance negotiations,yet this development received very limited attention in the literature on climate finance or climate negotiations. It is not obvious from the literature on bureaucratic politics how these ministries will position themselves on climate finance: they may frame climate finance as expenditure to be limited or as an instrum
Although the importance of New Institutional Economics and the institutional approach for understanding pre-industrial economic development and the early growth of markets are widely accepted, it has proven to be difficult to assess more directly the effects of institutions on the functioning of markets. This paper uses empirical research on the rise of markets in late medieval Holland to illumina
