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Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the day-care interventions implemented in southern Sweden to restrict the dispersion of penicillin-non-susceptible pneumococci with a minimum inhibitory concentration of penicillin G of at least 0.5 mg/l (PNSP0.5). Methods: A retrospective epidemiological study was performed and data from 109 day-care centre interventions from 2000 to 2010 were ana

Previous studies of mid-Ordovician limestone in Sweden have shown that over a stratigraphic interval representing a few million years there is a two orders-of-magnitude enrichment in fossil L-chondritic meteorites (empty set = 1-21 cm) and sediment-dispersed extraterrestrial chromite (EC) grains (>63 mu m). This has been interpreted as a dramatic increase in the flux of L-chondritic matter to Eart

This article deals with the possible existence of deliberate fertility control before the fertility transition. The timing of the fertility response to economic stress, as measured by fluctuations in grain prices, is used as a measure of deliberate, but non-parity specific, control. Birth histories from six German villages (1766–1863), including information on occupation of the husband, are used t

Background: Humans, independent on where they live, are exposed to complex and various mixtures of chemicals, including persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The variability of the exposure depends on sources of the chemicals and is influenced by e.g. geography, social and cultural heritage. While exposures to POPs are frequently studied in populations from developed industrial countries, very lit

Three-dimensional resistivity surveys and their associated inversion models are required to accurately resolve structures exhibiting very complex geology. In the same light, 3D resistivity surveys collected at multiple times are required to resolve temporally varying conditions. In this work we present 3D data sets, both synthetic and real, collected at different times. The large spatio-temporal d

Predator avoidance behaviour costs time, energy and opportunities, and prey animals need to balance these costs with the risk of predation. The necessary decisions to strike this balance are often based on information that is inherently imperfect and incomplete due to the limited sensory capabilities of prey animals. Our knowledge, however, about how prey animals solve the challenging task of rest

In hybrid zones populations that are otherwise allopatric meet and produce hybrids. One of the most well-known hybrid zones occurs throughout much of Europe between the hooded and carrion crows. Even though these species (or subspecies) of crows look very different, genetic differentiation is weak, and introgression seems to be common. In a spatial simulation that was based on empirically estimate

Previous studies identified serine, cysteine and metalloproteases in normal aqueous humours (AH) and suggested that a balance between proteases and their inhibitors may play a role in the modulation of the AH outflow. We aimed to determine whether secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a serine protease inhibitor, is present in AH of patients with cataract and other eye pathologies. AH was

Despite significant advances in the understanding and modelling of turbulent combustion, no general model has been proposed for simulating flames in industrial combustion devices. Recently, the increase in computational possibilities has raised the hope of directly solving the large turbulent scales using large eddy simulation (LES) and capturing the important time-dependant phenomena. However, th

The objective was to study the effects of ethanol on coagulation and fibrinolysis in whole blood. Blood samples from healthy volunteers were analyzed before and after in-vitro addition of ethanol in order to achieve ethanol concentrations of 0, 1, 2 and 4[per mille sign], respectively (0, 22, 44 and 88 mmol/l). Coagulation and fibrinolysis were then assessed using rotational thromboelastometry. We

Oxidative addition of the silanes R3SiH (R3= Ph3, Et3, EtMe2) to the unsaturated cluster [Os3(µ-H){µ3-Ph2PCH2PPh(C6H4)}(CO)8] leads to the saturated clusters [Os3(µ-H)(SiR3)(CO)9(µ-dppm)](SiR3= SiPh31, SiEt32 and SiEtMe23) and the unsaturated clusters [Os3(µ-H)2(SiR3){µ3-Ph2PCH2PPh(C6H4)}(CO)7](SiR3= SiPh34, SiEt35 and SiEtMe26). Structures are based on spectroscopic evidence and a XRD structure o

In view of the rising proportion of elderly in the population, diffusion of medical technologies to the elderly is a particularly interesting phenomenon, with respect to both quality of life and health care costs. Using data on all carotid endarterectomies (CEAs) performed in Sweden, we explore the pattern of age diffusion 1982-1999. The overall rates of CEA are considerably lower in Sweden than i

Objective. To investigate the relationship between carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and keyboard use at work in a general population. Methods. A health status questionnaire was mailed to 2,465 persons of working age (25-65 years) who were randomly selected from the general population of a representative region of Sweden. The questionnaire required the subjects to provide information about the presence

Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripiclae), cause very large economic damage on a variety of field and greenhouse crops. In this study, plant resistance against thrips was introduced into transgenic potato plants through the expression of novel, custom-made, multiclomain protease inhibitors. Representative classes of inhibitors of cysteine and aspartic

Background. This study was performed to establish a model for quantitative measurements of a number of basic peritoneal transport parameters, particularly transperitoneal clearances (Cl) of macromolecules, during mouse peritoneal dialysis. Methods. Mice were anaesthetized using 3% isofluorane inhalation anaesthesia. The right jugular vein and the left femoral artery were cannulated for infusion a

Chronic neural interfaces that are both structurally and functionally stable inside the brain over years or decades hold great promise to become an invaluable clinical tool in the near future. A key flaw in the current electrode interfaces is that their recording capabilities deteriorate over time, possibly due to the lack of flexibility, which causes movements in relation to the neural tissue tha

Context: Low birth weight (LBW) and unhealthy diets are risk factors of metabolic disease including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Genetic, nongenetic, and epigenetic data propose a role of the key metabolic regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1alpha (PPARGC1A) in the development of T2D. Objective: Our objective was to investigate gene expression and DNA methylation of

Background Family history is a strong risk factor for prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate whether increased diagnostic activity is related to the incidence of prostate cancer among brothers of men with prostate cancer. Methods Data were from the nationwide population-based Prostate Cancer Database Sweden (PCBaSe Sweden), which includes data from the National Prostate Cancer R

Popular Abstract in Swedish Vid tillagning av kött, och framför allt stekning och grillning, bildas mutagena ämnen i stekskorpan. Dessa ämnen benämns heterocykliska aminer. Flera epidemiologiska studier har visat ett samband mellan uppkomsten av cancer och intaget av heterocykliska aminer, medan några studier inte finner något samband. Ämnena har också visat kunna utveckla tumörer och cancer i djuCommonly cooked meat dishes contain heterocyclic amines (HAs) at ng/g levels. HAs are animal carcinogens, form DNA adducts in human tissues, and have been associated with increased risk of cancer in epidemiological studies, and it is thus recommended that human intake be decreased. The aim of this investigation was to find ways of modifying cooking practices to reduce the formation of HAs. Various