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The first paper, Pharmaceutical R&D: a real option approach, considers the process of pharmaceutical R&D analyzed with real option theory. This process is analyzed as an opportunity to research and develop a new pharmaceutical. Contrary to other models using real option analysis I use an option that takes time to exercise. Thus, the important aspect of long R&D processes when developin

The Gaia mission has been designed to perform absolute astrometric measurements with unprecedented accuracy; the end-of-mission parallax standard error is required to be of the order of 10 mu as for the brightest stars (V= 10) and 30 mu as for a G2V-type star of magnitude 15. These requirements set a stringent constraint on the accuracy of the estimation of the location of the stellar image on the

To promote industrial development and economic growth is a vital issue for governments all over the world. The ideals guiding policymakers in their endeavours, strongly influenced by traditional economics and the innovation system approach, are that innovations based on new and advanced knowledge are central for industrial and economic development. As is exemplified through the quote below policym

The aim of this work is to build a framework that can be used for characterizing the bubbly gas liquid turbulent flow in the stirred bioreactor tank. To this end we have developed and modified techniques with which to measure the velocity of both dispersed gas and carrier liquid phases by the optical measurement technique, a 2-CCD camera Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system; and to characterize

Popular Abstract in Swedish Vid tillagning av kött, och framför allt stekning och grillning, bildas mutagena ämnen i stekskorpan. Dessa ämnen benämns heterocykliska aminer. Flera epidemiologiska studier har visat ett samband mellan uppkomsten av cancer och intaget av heterocykliska aminer, medan några studier inte finner något samband. Ämnena har också visat kunna utveckla tumörer och cancer i djuCommonly cooked meat dishes contain heterocyclic amines (HAs) at ng/g levels. HAs are animal carcinogens, form DNA adducts in human tissues, and have been associated with increased risk of cancer in epidemiological studies, and it is thus recommended that human intake be decreased. The aim of this investigation was to find ways of modifying cooking practices to reduce the formation of HAs. Various

This study considers detection of polyproline type II secondary structures from protein sequences. This difficult problem was handled with multilayer perceptron neural networks, which were found to be useful for such bioinformatics studies. Polyproline II secondary structures have not previously been tried to be predicted from sequences.

The gain profile of a quantum cascade laser is strongly influenced by the lifetime of the carriers in the upper and lower laser state. The quantitative description of gain within the concept of nonequilibrium Green's functions allows for a detailed understanding of various features affecting the gain spectrum: Compensation effects between scattering processes in the upper and lower laser level, re

Øresund EcoMobility contributes to knowledge creation for sustainable transport and green logistics, city transport, and energy systems with a specific focus on the conditions and needs of the Øresund region. In this book, long distance goods transport and strategies for green corridors through the Øresund and Europe are studied, multi-criteria models for analysis in transport and infrastructural

Analysis of the system of criminal procedure in Sweden in light of the proposal for the establishment of a European Public Prosecutor's Office.

Strength grading of Norway spruce side boards in the wet state was investigated. For a sample of 58 boards of dimensions 25×120×3000 mm3, density and dynamic modulus of elasticity in the axial direction, MOEdyn, were determined in the wet state. The boards were then split into two parts and the procedure of determining MOEdyn was repeated both before and after the boards were dried to a target

A major problem in the design of combustion equipment is to prevent the occurrence of combustion instabilities. Combustion instabilities appear as periodic oscillations in pressure and heat release through a feedback mechanism between the fluid dynamics and the combustion process. These oscillations may induce e.g. mechanical vibrations and increased heat transfer, leading to poor performance or e

The AI Commission prescribed a governance model, namely centralized leadership, to tackle existing digitalization challenges, as outlined in the Roadmap for Sweden at the end of 2024. This research discussed the implications of the Roadmap for Sweden on welfare governance within the Automated Decision-making (ADM) context as interpreted through a Weberian theoretical and methodological framework.

Objective: Family members of a person with drug addiction often experience negative impacts on their lives and face barriers to seeking professional support. More knowledge is needed about such barriers so they can be reduced. This article examines the help-seeking experiences of parents of adult children with drug addiction, a group that has received little attention in research. Method: We condu

Thyroid dose estimations after nuclear power plant (NPP) accidents are traditionally based on internal uptake of radioiodine, mainly 131I, either by instrumental measurements of thyroid uptake or by ecological estimations based on geographical dispersion of the radioiodine cloud, demographics, and food habits. However, it has been shown that 134Cs and 137Cs in some cases can be the dominant contri