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Ultrafast processes in matter, such as the electron emission following light absorption, can now be studied using ultrashort light pulses of attosecond duration (10−18 s) in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range. The lack of spectral resolution due to the use of short light pulses has raised issues in the interpretation of the experimental results and the comparison with theoretical calculations.
How truck drivers spend their time is crucial to the profitability of motor carriers. However, the aspect of time has been marginally addressed in industry practice and academic literature on motor-carrier strategies and operations. Given the importance of the drivers in transport operations, the purpose of this article is to outline how driver time in motor-carrier operations can be measured usin
The deletion-contraction algorithm is perhaps the most popular method for computing a host of fundamental graph invariants such as the chromatic, flow, and reliability polynomials in graph theory, the Jones polynomial of an alternating link in knot theory, and the partition functions of the models of Ising, Potts, and Fortuin-Kasteleyn in statistical physics. Prior to this work, deletion-contracti
To develop sustainable supply chains in a way that their negative environmental and social effects are minimized, shortand long-term targets should be set. The transformation of supply chains towards these targets calls for the development of innovative strategies and the need to continuously identify, classify, and tackle the challenges that can hinder the execution of such strategies. To develop
Popular Abstract in English Parasites and their host organisms have engaged in a desperate battle over millions of years to evolve strategies that enable continued survival of their respective species. Parasites require some key metabolites to be able to survive and reproduce inside the host that often results in damage to host, while host organisms attempt to limit or prevent this damage by severHaemosporidia is a well-studied group of parasites, which infect mammals, reptiles and birds and use blood sucking vectors for their transmission. By conducting natural population studies and experimental infections, We have been able to detect and quantify Haemosporidia from avian blood to investigate how these pathogens affect their avian hosts. We have used life history data of two long-term lo
In this manuscript, we illustrate how to use the newly proposed τ re-clustering algorithm to select jets with different degrees of quenching without biasing their initial transverse momentum spectrum. Our study is based on Z+jet simulated events using the JEWEL Monte Carlo event generator to account for jet quenching effects. We apply the τ re-clustering algorithm to extract a proxy for a time axi
The fast evolution of the QGP makes its interaction with jets an inherently time-dependent process. However, this crucial dimension is missing from traditional jet quenching measurements, which hence provide a mere average quantification of the medium properties. Jet substructure observables provide an effective strategy to access the QGP time structure. By identifying the recursive steps of a nov
Artificial moral agents must not only be able to make competent ethical decisions, but they must do so effectively. This paper explores how ethical theory and algorithmic design impact computational efficiency by assessing the time cost of ethical algorithms. We create a model of an ethical environmentand conduct experiments on three different ethical algorithms in order to compare computational b
The study investigates the center of gravity in onset fricatives as a main acoustic feature to assess the relation between vowel pronunciation and coarticulatory spectral characteristics of the onset consonant. /s/- and /f/-initial CV sequences were analyzed with backness, roundedness and height of the vowel as predictors of fricative center of gravity. Results showed that the first 15 ms of an on
This paper focuses on the distributed non-Bayesian quickest change detection based on the Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) algorithm in an energy harvesting wireless sensor network (WSN), where the distributions before and after the change point are assumed to be known. Each sensor is powered by randomly available harvested energy from the surroundings. It samples the observation signal and computes the log
AbstractUntil very recently, Germany belonged to the ‘familialist’ group of welfare states, which offered cash rather than services to married couples and families. Sweden, in contrast, belonged to the ‘non-familialist’ counterpart, fostering gender equality in employment and family care via public services and extended reconciliation measures for decades. During the 2000s, however, Germany eventu
Emergency department (ED) wait times can be long, and not all patients can safely wait for treatment. Therefore, an effective emergency triage system is required to prioritize patients according to the urgency of their condition upon arrival at the ED. Assessing a patient’s level of urgency without access to complete physiological measurements is a complex task that is currently performed by nurse
This paper evaluates the utility of the feedback particle filter (FPF) for state estimation of SE(2)-configured dynamics in a real-time context. The filter is implemented in discrete time to fuse gyroscopic-and accelerometer measurements with Ultra-Wideband (UWB) and camera measurements. With this state information, the FPF is compared to other common filters in terms of the estimate mean square e
We revisit and substantially extend the evidence on the importance of instruction time for student achievement on international assessments. We first successfully replicate the estimate of a positive effect of weekly instruction time in the seminal paper by Lavy (Economic Journal, 125, F397-F424) in a narrow sense. We then extend the analysis to data from other international student assessments an
