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Background. Opioid agonist treatment (OAT), for the treatment of heroin dependence, has been reported to improve overall health and lower mortality. Drug use and retention in treatment have often been used as measures of treatment success. More recently, however, researchers have suggested that measurements of quality of life should be an outcome in substance use treatment evaluations. In a recent
Background: For locally advanced Siewert type II and III tumors we have performed total gastrectomy including resection of the distal 2/3 of the esophagus, through separate abdominal and right chest incisions (THX-ABD). The procedure involves wide lymphadenectomy in the abdomen/chest and a Roux-en-Y jejunostomy to the level of the azygos vein or above. The aim of the study was to investigate short
After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the national identities of the Eastern and Central European states are finding themselves in a process of transformation and the results are having an impact on international relations in the region. National and foreign political identities of states are constituted by means of everyday discursive practices, not least in the media. In the present stud
Characterizing population fluctuations and their causes is a major theme in population ecology. The debate is on the relative merits of density-dependent and density-independent effects. One paradigm (revived by the research on global warming and its relation to long-term population data) states that fluctuations in population densities can often be accounted for by external noise. Several empiric
Brent geese were tracked by satellite telemetry from spring staging areas in Denmark to Arctic breeding areas in Svalbard and Greenland in 1997 and 2001. From estimated departure masses and carcass analysis we used flight mechnical theory to estimate maximum flight ranges of both sexes, and remaining stores of fat and protein upon arrival in females. Model predictions suggested that all birds but
Endoglucanases (endo-1,4---glucan-4-glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.4) are industrially important enzymes. In this study endoglucanase I (EGI or Cel7B) of the filamentous fungi Trichoderma reesei has been genetically engineered to investigate the influence of tryptophan rich peptide extensions (tags) on partitioning in an aqueous two-phase model system. EGI is a two-domain enzyme and is composed of a N
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with certain MHC class II alleles and is characterized by a chronic autoimmune response in the joints. Using transgenic mice expressing human DR4 (DRB1*0401) and human CD4, but lacking endogenous MHC class II, we show that posttranslational glycosylation of type II collagen (CII) influences the level of T cell tolerance to this candidate cartilage-specific a
Introduction Proximity and access to water have long been central to human culture and accordingly deliver countless societal benefits. Over 200 million people live on Europe's coastline, and aquatic environments are the top recreational destination in the region. In terms of public health, interactions with 'blue space' (eg, coasts, rivers, lakes) are often considered solely in terms of risk (eg,
Objectives: Anxiety and depression symptoms are more common in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) than in the general population. This study describes prognostic factors for change in self-reported anxiety and depression over 2 years in a well-defined SpA cohort. Method: In 2009, 3716 adult patients from the SpAScania cohort received a postal questionnaire to assess quality of life (QoL) and ph
I present an alternative to a widely used item-bias analysis procedure known as the ANOVA method. The new method is based on the Johnson-Neyman procedure, which is a multiple regression-based technique with properties that can overcome the major weaknesses of the ANOVA method. I introduce the proposed procedure in a non-technical manner, provide an illustrative example, and suggest guidelines for
This paper presents a study of WWγ and WZγ triboson production using events from proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s=8TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb- 1. The WWγ production cross-section is determined using a final state containing an electron, a muon, a photon, and neutrinos (e). Upper limits on the prod
Compound action potentials of both myelinated (A) and non-myelinated (C) fibres in the common peroneal nerve of rabbits were studied during and after acute, graded compression of the nerve at 200 or 400 mmHg applied for 2 h or during ischaemia created by nitrogen inhalation or aortic occlusion. Compression of the nerve at 200 mmHg blocked the AI component (large myelinated fibres) after about 23 m
Plants produce many bioactive, specialized metabolites to defend themselves when facing various stress situations. Their biosynthesis is directed by a tightly controlled regulatory circuit that is elicited by phytohormones such as jasmonate (JA). The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) bHLH iridoid synthesis 1 (BIS1) and Triterpene Saponin Activating Regulator (TSAR) 1 and 2,
Autoignition of a homogeneous mixture is very sensitive to operating conditions, therefore fast control is necessary for reliable operation. There exists several means to control the combustion phasing of an Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine, but most of the presented controlled HCCI result has been performed with single-input single-output controllers. In order to fully operat
