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Mål rörande rena utflyttningsskatter har det senaste decenniet varit tämligen frekvent förekommande i EU-domstolen. Detta har i sin tur medfört att, b.la, Kommissionens fokus har riktats gentemot ifrågakommande medlemsstaters utformning/tillämpning av denna typ av skatter då medlemsstaterna i sin strävan att skydda sina respektive skattebaser gärna använder sig av utflyttningsskatter i olika utforOver the last decade there has been an increase in the number of cases that are referred to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) with regards to matters of exit taxes. Consequently, this has turned the Commission’s focus towards the outline of the respective exit tax regimes applied in the different Member States (MS). This since the MS, in their efforts to protect their respective ta

In this work, different solutions for human presence detection in a door intercom device are examined. The study was conducted at a company in Lund, Sweden. The aspiration was to have a reliable presence detection to be able to put the device in sleep mode when not used, and the current solution is not optimal because of limiting design requirements and false triggers. In the project, several diff

The urgent need to mitigate climate change has prompted researchers to investigate novel strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One promising technology that might ease the way for sustainable and circular economies is carbon capture and utilization (CCU), which not only captures CO2 emissions but also uses them to produce valuable products. This thesis investigates the potential of CCU in

As time is moving forward, the world is becoming more dependent on Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The vision for the future involves IoT devices participating in various aspects of our daily lives, including sensing, controlling, and communicating. Such a future requires a significant number of IoT devices, which raises questions regarding sustainability in terms of battery waste. One promising

Swedish municipalities can play a key role in contributing to the circular economy through public procurement as this is responsible for the emission of 23 million tons of carbon dioxide each year. Previous studies indicate that there is a need of developing dialogues involving all actors to increase the knowledge concerning why circular products are needed. The aim of this study was to investigat

Estimation of GPP in Sudan using the evaporative fraction as water stress factor The Gross Primary Production "GPP" quantifies the amount of carbon entering an ecosystem. It is an ecosystem service since it is a source of energy for all organisms and it is estimated to reduce atmospheric CO2 in about 123 Pg C per year at the global scale. Therefore, the improvement of estimation methods

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited blinding disease for which there is no treatment available. It is characterized by a progressive and neurodegenerative loss of photoreceptors but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Excessive activation of the enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) has recently been shown to be involved in several neuropathologies. To investigate the possib

Superporous agarose beads were used as a support for hydrophobic interaction chromatography. These beads have large connecting flow pores in addition to their normal diffusion pores. The flow pores, which are approximately one fifth of the overall diameter of the superporous agarose beads, were earlier shown to give the beads improved mass transfer properties relative to homogeneous agarose beads

Wine tourism is a niche tourism product that is increasing in wine regions across the world. Wine tourism is also being hailed as a more sustainable approach to tourism due to its promotion of economic, environmental and social sustainability. Sustainable rural development is a high priority around the world due to declining rural economies. Tourism is increasingly being viewed as a component of r

The final purpose of this project is to create a platform that leads to the improvement of the braking feeling by the users of heavy vehicles. The complexity of the problem lays on the different constraints: geometrical and functional, and as well on the interaction with a human operator. The task is to design a new electronic brake pedal, with the possibility to change the relationship between fo

The European Motor Vehicle Industry is complex and plays a significant role in the economic aspects of the common market. The motor vehicles constitute an important part of everyday life for many consumers and are the second largest investment many makes. The legal framework surrounding this industry includes EU's Competition policy, which constitute the third pillar in the Single European Mar

Islet dysfunction is central in type 2 diabetes and full-blown type 2 diabetes develops first when the beta cells lose their ability to secrete adequate amounts of insulin in response to raised plasma glucose. Several mechanisms behind beta cell dysfunction have been put forward but many important questions still remain. Furthermore, our understanding of the contribution of each islet cell type in

Water and energy are essential resources for all people. However, despite the availability of sufficient water and energy resources, men and women continue to be subject to unequal rights to both water and energy in terms of access, allocation, gathering, and quality of resources. Socioeconomic parameters, which include gender, income, and location, are determinant factors of water and cooking ene

Estimating crop evapotranspiration (ETa) is an important requirement for a rational assessment and management of water resources. The various remote sensing products allow the determination of crops’ biophysical variables integrated in the evaluation of ETa by using surface energy balance (SEB) models. This study compares ETa estimated by the simplified surface energy balance index (S-SEBI) using

Background: High plasma copeptin (copeptin), the C-terminal fragment of arginine vasopressin pro-hormone, has been associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS), diabetes mellitus (DM) development and nephropathy. Here we tested whether elevated copeptin level is associated with later development of the MetS, its individual components and microalbuminuria. Methods: We analysed copeptin at baselin

Rye products typically induce low insulin responses and appear to facilitate glucose regulation. The objective of this study was to investigate differences in postprandial glucose, insulin, and satiety responses between breads made from five rye varieties. Breads made from whole grain rye (Amilo, Rekrut, Dankowski Zlote, Nikita, and Haute Loire Pop) or a white wheat bread (WWB) were tested in a ra

BACKGROUND: Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) can be associated with mutations, deletions, or hybrid genes in factor H-related (FHR) proteins.METHODS: A child with aHUS was investigated. Genetics was assessed by Sanger and next generation sequencing. Serum FHR5 was evaluated by immunoblotting, ELISA, and by induction of rabbit red blood cell hemolysis in the presence/absence of recombinant

Genetic testing has been applied for decades in clinical routine diagnostics of hematological malignancies to improve disease (sub)classification, prognostication, patient management, and survival. In recent classifications of hematological malignancies, disease subtypes are defined by key recurrent genetic alterations detected by conventional methods (i.e., cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybr

Carbon materials with unique sp2-hybridization are extensively researched for catalytic applications due to their excellent conductivity and tunable physicochemical properties. However, the development of economic approaches to tailoring carbon materials into desired morphologies remains a challenge. Herein, a convenient “bottom-up” strategy by pyrolysis of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) (or ot

The Gaia-ESO Survey is a public spectroscopic survey that targeted ≲105 stars covering all major components of the Milky Way from the end of 2011 to 2018, delivering its final public release in May 2022. Unlike other spectroscopic surveys, Gaia-ESO is the only survey that observed stars across all spectral types with dedicated, specialised analyses: from O (Teff ∼ 30 000-52 000 K) all the way to K