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Att världen idag kan te sig ganska liten är inget att ta miste på. Det är betydligt lättare och kostar mindre att resa i förhållande till förr, vilket har bidragit till att många av oss i mycket större omfattning reser på semester eller i arbetet, och då stöter på - för oss - främmande och ibland komplicerade problem. Huvudregeln enligt svensk rätt är att bevis skall upptas vid förhandling, enliToday the world does not seem as large as we probably once thought. Many years ago traveling was difficult and quite expensive. Today it’s completely the opposite. All this convenience we experience has some consequences. During our travels and business endeavours with different parts of the world it is not surprising that we encounter problems. Since these problems are unfamiliar to us the proble

Syftet med denna uppsats är att granska de mest omdiskuterade för- och nackdelarna med nämndemannasystemet och utreda om systemet kan garantera en rättssäker prövning vid brottmålsprocessen i tingsrätten. För att nå syftet är en av mina frågeställningar hur nämnden uppkom och systemet fungerar idag. Exakt hur länge den svenska nämnden har existerat vet vi inte, men fenomenet finns nedtecknat i vårIn this thesis, I will examine the most discussed advantages and disadvantages with the lay judge system to investigate if the system can ensure that the criminal trial procedure in the district court live up to the high requirements of the rule of law. To achieve this I will answer a few questions. The first question discusses how the lay judge system emerged and how the system works today. Exac

Varje år diagnostiseras i Sverige ungefär 1100 personer med cancer i huvudhalsregionen. Typiska diagnoser är tungcancer, läppcancer och cancer i struphuvudet. I och runt om munhålan finns det stora skillnader i densitet mellan till exempel vävnad och tänder och vävnad och tandlagningar. I detta arbete så har effekterna av ett antal olika tandlagningsmaterial på dosberäkningarna undersökts. För a"Introduction: Around 1.000 people are diagnosed with head and neck cancer in Sweden every year. Radiotherapy is often used to treat these tumors. When irradiating patients in the head and neck area there are some problems. One of these problems is the large difference in density between the oral tissue and dental materials. Another problem is the image artifacts due to high-density materials

Monte Carlo-simuleringar har fått en ökad betydelse som forskningsverktyg inom nuklearmedicinsk bildgivning eftersom man på ett mycket kontrollerat sätt kan studera nästan vad man vill. I denna studie har datorsimuleringar av ett PET-system gjorts med ett program som heter GATE. PET (Positron Emission Tomography) är en nuklearmedicinsk bildgivningsteknik som används mer och mer inom sjukvården sIntroduction: Monte Carlo simulation is a powerful tool in research in the field of nuclear medicine imaging and there is a wide area of applications. The purpose of this work was (1) to understand the basics of the Monte Carlo simulation software Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE); (2) to create a model of Philips Gemini TF PET/CT system; (3) to run a number of simulations to comp

Objective: To facilitate a greater likelihood of favorable response to new disease-modifying therapies, recruitment of patients at an earlier stage of their disease into clinical trials may be an attractive strategy. Hence, there is a need to develop widely accepted classification criteria for early-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA). We have proposed a set of classification criteria for early-stage k

Importance: Although tramadol is increasingly used to manage chronic noncancer pain, few safety studies have compared it with other opioids. Objective: To assess the associations of tramadol, compared with codeine, with mortality and other adverse clinical outcomes as used in outpatient settings. Design, Setting, and Participants: Retrospective, population-based, propensity score-matched cohort st

Importance: Supplementing preterm infants with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) has been inconsistent in reducing the severity and incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Furthermore, few studies have measured the long-term serum lipid levels after supplementation. Objective: To assess whether ROP severity is associated with serum levels of LC-PUFA, especially docosahexaenoi

Aims: Because evidence regarding risk stratification predicting prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF) decompensation attended in primary care is lacking, we developed and externally validated a model to forecast death/hospitalization during the first 30 days after an episode of decompensation. The predictive model is based on variables easily obtained in primary care settings. Methods and

Background: An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture results in an increased risk of developing knee osteoarthritis (OA) at an early age. Before clinical signs become apparent, the OA process has already been initiated. Therefore, it is important to look at the cascade of changes, such as the activity of cytokines and proteases, which might be associated with the later development of OA. Purpos

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S): Studies of electron FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) in companion animals are being conducted at several institutions. High energy electron beams are generally suitable for treatment of superficial cancers, but of limited use for deep-seated tumors. In this case report, the feasibility of intracavitary electron FLASH-RT is demonstrated.MATERIALS/METHODS: A canine cancer patient

Importance: Twin studies have assessed sibling resemblance for major depression (MD) but cannot address sources of resemblance across generations. Objective: To clarify the relative importance of genetic and rearing effects on the parent-offspring resemblance for MD. Design: This Swedish population register-based study examined parents and children from the following 5 family types: intact (2 041

BACKGROUND: Sacroiliac joint pain is increasingly recognized as a cause of low back pain. We compared the safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive sacroiliac joint arthrodesis using triangular titanium implants and conservative management in patients with chronic sacroiliac joint pain. METHODS: This study was a prospective, multicenter randomized controlled trial of adults with chronic sacro

Background: Ovarian tumours are usually surgically removed because of the presumed risk of complications. Few large prospective studies on long-term follow-up of adnexal masses exist. We aimed to estimate the cumulative incidence of cyst complications and malignancy during the first 2 years of follow-up after adnexal masses have been classified as benign by use of ultrasonography. Methods: In the

Objective: To determine the role of inflammatory biomarkers at 2 years post–anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury to predict radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–defined knee OA at 5 years postinjury, with a secondary aim of estimating the concordance of inflammatory biomarkers assessed by MRI and synovial fluid (SF) analysis. Methods: We studied 113 patient

OBJECTIVE: Data on females managed with fenestrated or branched endovascular aortic arch repair (FB-Arch) are limited. This study aimed to present the 30 day and follow up outcomes of FB-Arch in female patients.METHODS: A retrospective analysis (1 January 2011 to 31 March 2024) among four European aortic centres was conducted according to STROBE guidelines. Consecutive female patients managed with

Background: Combination lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) after myocardial infarction (MI) achieves lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and better cardiovascular outcomes vs statin monotherapy. As a result, global guidelines recommend lower LDL-C but, paradoxically, advise treatment through a stepwise approach. Yet the need for combination therapy is inevitable as <20% of patients

Introduction: The rate of vaginal hysterectomies is declining globally. We investigated surgical techniques, outcomes, and costs in a large national cohort of benign hysterectomies with prerequisites for vaginal surgery. Material and Methods: A retrospective register-based cohort study with benign hysterectomies in the Swedish GynOp registry 2014–2023 (n = 17 804). Inclusion criteria were non-prol

Världen genom maskögon! Megalomma vesiculosum är en havsborstmask som lever i de flesta marina miljöerna och även i vissa sötvatten. Dem lever på havets botten i små tuber som de tillverkar av sitt eget sekret. Förutom kroppen som bevaras i tuben har de kronliknaden tentakler som sticker upp ur tuben. Dessa tentakler ansvarar för, fånga in föda, andning och till och med syn. På var tentakels topp

Det finns nästintill oändligt många stjärnor i universum. Mycket information om stjärnorna - deras ålder, temperatur, färg - kan vi få svar på genom deras kemiska uppsättning, det vill säga vad de består av. Det kan dock vara svårt att lista ut vad stjärnorna faktiskt innehåller, eftersom vi inte kan åka till dem och kolla. Astronomer har löst detta genom att studera ljuset ifrån stjärnor, då ljusA suggested explanation for the observed differences in chemical abundances in binary stars has been planet formation (e.g. Tucci Maia et al. 2014). If a star hosts a planet, the planet may have depleted the protoplanetary disc in volatiles and refractories. Assuming that the star accretes the remaining protoplanetary disc (neglecting photoevaporation), the depletion of the disc may alter the chem

Riskanalys för Hurvas dricksvattentäkt I den lilla byn Hurva i Skåne tar man sitt dricksvatten från berggrunden. Hurva omges av jordbruksmark och har en aktiv bilskrot. Dessutom går E22:an förbi i utkanten av byn. Om ett utsläpp sker skulle det kunna skada grundvattnet. Denna riskanalys gjordes tillsammans med VA SYD, som har ansvar för dricksvattnet I Hurva. De har även hand om dagvatten (regn-Groundwater is one of our most important natural resources. Therefore, it is important to monitor the groundwater and to protect it from pollution. At Hurva, southern Sweden, the local drinking water is produced by groundwater extraction. In this study the potential impact of storm water on groundwater quality at Hurva is studied in a risk analysis. Mapping of the geology and hydrogeology in the