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Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna studie betonar att de mekanismer, som skapar tillväxt, inte nödvändigtvis är universella utan kan skilja sig åt mellan olika områden, beroende på vad som produceras och vilken teknik som används. Avhandlingen hävdar inledningsvis att ekonomisk tillväxt är den viktigaste enskilda faktor som påverkar individers inkomstnivå och att ökad produktivitet i sin tur är gruThis study shows that the mechanisms behind knowledge accumulation and the sources of productivity growth differ from industry to industry depending on what is produced and what technology is used. Although it is apparent to most researchers in the field that the only way to explain long-run growth in output per capita is through technological progress and accumulation of knowledge that counteract

Purpose: Assess if cystatin C-derived measures of kidney function are associated with mortality in septic- and non-septic intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods: Data from adult patients staying >24 h in four ICUs in Sweden from November 2015–December 2018 included. Outcomes were mortality and need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) due to acute kidney injury. Associations between cystatin C

Popular Abstract in Swedish Forskarna inom Chicagoskolan var de första i ett akademiskt ramverk som systematiskt och etnografiskt satte gruppen och människan i centrum i en modern urban kontext. Det hade förekommit andra som skrivit om industrialism, modernism, urbanitet och de fattiga i slummen, men inte på ett lika systematiskt och genomträngande sätt som Chicagoskolan. Skolans strävan att föranThe main purpose of my thesis is to investigate how the Chicago School in urban sociology, that was active between 1915 and 1935, developed and why it produced so many classical monographs during a period of about ten to fifteen years. To outline the historical reasons for the School to develop I have chosen to view the historical context as a field with different actors. Another related and overa

Popular Abstract in Swedish Cykeln som transportmedel har många fördelar för individ och samhälle. Det är ett mycket energisnålt transportmedel, det förorenar inte, bullrar inte, tar liten plats och ger dem som cyklar välbefinnande och motion. Om fler cyklade istället för att åka bil skulle detta medföra trevligare stadsmiljöer. Ökad cykling hade också kunnat bidra till en ökad folkhälsa. För närThis work presents an evaluation of bicycle lane effects on cyclist safety and the ability of bicycles to compete with car traffic. Thirteen Swedish urban streets were studied before and after bicycle lanes were introduced. Data was collected using video recordings, speed studies, road side questionnaires/interviews with cyclists/car drivers, conflict studies and accident analysis. Results showed

In northern Scandinavia and other cold regions, urban drainage systems are often unable to cope with the high volumes of melt water which can be sustained for several weeks. High waste water treatment plant inflows, combined system overflows and low water quality are a few problems associated with snowmelt. However, reports detailing urban snowmelt processes are lacking in the hydrological literat

Abstract in French Donnees de base Des études menées en Arique de l'ouest et ailleurs ont suggeree que le vaccin Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) administréà la naissance était bénéfique pour la survie de l'enfant. Cet effet bénéfique proviendrait en partie de l'effet sur la malaria, une hypothèse supportée par des études sur animal. Nous avons investigué si la revaccination avec le BCG à 19 mois rBACKGROUND: Studies in West Africa and elsewhere have suggested that Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine given at birth is beneficial for child survival. It is possible that this effect is mediated partly through an effect on malaria, a hypothesis supported by animal studies. We investigated whether revaccination with BCG at 19 months of age reduced morbidity from malaria. METHOD: In the capita

Popular Abstract in Swedish Undersökningarna som presenteras i avhandlingen behandlar mätning av produkter från och händelser i förbränningsprocessen genom att använda laserbaserade mätmetoder. Ett antal olika körfall, som HCCI och partially premixed combustion (PPC), har undersökts. I de första mätningarna som presenteras jämförs uppmätta flödesfält i cylindern med resultat från CFD och blåsriggThe work presented in this thesis deals with measuring in-cylinder combustion species and events using different laser-based diagnostic methods. A variety of engine operating modes, like HCCI and partially premixed diesel combustion, have been investigated. In the very first measurements, in-cylinder flow-fields were compared to CFD and steady-state blow rig results. After that, the ignition and

Popular Abstract in Swedish Proteiner är nödvändiga beståndsdelar i en levande cell. Dels bygger de upp viktiga strukturer och dels katalyserar de kemiska reaktioner. Proteiner kodas av gener. Varje protein motsvaras av en gen. Vägen från gen till protein är densamma i alla organismer på jorden. Först transkriberas en gen till en molekyl kallad mRNA (budbärar-RNA, eng. messenger RNA). Detta mRNA aDegradation of mRNA is a controlled process which is as important for gene regulation as the synthesis of mRNA. This thesis focuses on mechanisms of mRNA stability and degradation in Bacillus subtilis, the model of Gram-positive bacteria. The aprE mRNA, encoding an exported protease named subtilisin, is extremely stable with a half-life of more than 25 minutes. Average mRNA half-lives in B. subtil

Popular Abstract in Swedish Infektionssjukdomar är lika vanliga hos fiskar som hos alla andra djur. Dessa infektioner kan orsakas av virus, bakterier samt eukaryota organismer som svamp och protozoer. I naturliga fiskpopulationer utgör detta ett litet problem men får stora ekonomiska konsekvenser i fiskodlingar eftersom ett stort antal fiskar kan infekteras på kort tid och i värsta fall dö, ca 10 Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is a Birnavirus that infects salmonid fish. The infection is usually mortal for fish under six months of age, while older fish become carriers, usually without any signs of infection, and will spread the virus to other susceptible fish and to their offspring. IPNV is an icosahedral, naked virion and the genome consists of two segments of double-stranded

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna doktorsavhandling i industridesign handlar om utmaningarna och möjligheterna att möta demografiska förskjutningarna och de förmodade förväntningarna hos dagens och morgondagens äldre generationer. Bakgrunden är avsaknaden av möbler som motsvarar efterfrågan hos äldre konsumenter och bristande kunskap om relationerna mellan möbler och äldre människor i hem- och vårThis thesis in industrial design concerns the challenges and possibilities in meeting demographic shifts and the presumed expectations of today’s and tomorrow’s older generations. The background is the lack of furniture that responds to the demands of older consumers and the lack of knowledge about relationships between people and furniture in their home environments and in various forms of elderl

Popular Abstract in Swedish En viktig fråga inom modern astrofysik är hur galaxer bildas och utvecklas. Under de senaste decennierna har flera teorier för hur detta sker lagts fram, vilket har lett till att de flesta astronomer idag tror på en modell i vilken större galaxer, så som vår egen Vintergata, bildas genom sammanslagning av mindre galaxer. Trots att modellen rönt stor framgång återstThis thesis presents results from two projects using photometric observations to investigate stellar populations in Local Group galaxies. In the first project, Strömgren photometry is used to study stellar populations in dwarf spheroidal galaxies. It is demonstrated that the Strömgren c1 and m1 colour indices can be efficiently used to identify RGB members in dwarf spheroidal galaxies, and d

Popular Abstract in Swedish Användningen av konstgjorda material för temporärt och permanent bruk, t.ex katetrar, skruvar, ledproteser är numera väl etablerad inom human- medicinen. Dessa sk biomaterial kan emellertid predisponera till proppbildning, inflammatoriska vävnadsreaktioner och infektioner i omgivande vävnad, ledande till svåra komplikationer, såsom blod- förgiftning, passagestopp samt pResident skin micro-organisms such as S. epidermidis and other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), are by far the most common causes of biomaterial-associated infections. These micro-organisms often exhibit surface adhesins that specifically bind serum and tissue proteins adsorbed to implanted biomaterials. The aim of this study was to extend our knowledge about such adhesins produced by CoNS

The adaptation of geophysical methods for civil engineering purposes represents an important contribution to the development of geotechnical site investigation methodology. The term geotechnical site investigation here refers to all investigations performed prior to or during construction; i.e. investigations to support and refine a conceptual geological model as well as to provide a model of geot

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bostadsanpassning är en vanlig åtgärd inom kommunal service och rehabilitering. Avsikten är att ta bort fysiska miljöhinder i bostaden och den nära utemiljön för underlätta vardagliga aktiviteter och möjliggöra ett självständigt liv. Enligt svensk plan- och bygglagstiftning skall alla bostäder som byggs eller genomgår omfattande renoveringar vara tillgängliga och användHousing adaptation is a common intervention, in Sweden granted by municipal authorities, and performed in order to remove environmental barriers and enhance daily activities. In spite of increasing costs, efficient strategies for evaluation of the intervention are lacking. In this thesis, occupational therapy clients living in a south Swedish municipality and receiving housing adaptation grants we

Background Indications with poor T-cell infiltration or deficiencies in T-cell priming and associated unresponsiveness to established immunotherapies represent an unmet medical need in oncology. CD40-targeting therapies designed to enhance antigen presentation, generate new tumor-specific T cells, and activate tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells to remodel the tumor microenvironment, represent a prom

Inom besöksnäringen är delningsekonomins utbredning särskilt tydlig och inom denna industri återfinns en rad företag såsom Airbnb, Vayable, Getmyboat, OffWeFly, EatWith, Uber, Fodora och Travelbuddy. Airbnb, som förmedlar uthyrning av privatpersoners bostäder som en sorts hotellrum, är kanske det mest välkända företaget. Typiskt för delningsekonomin i tjänstesektorn är digitala plattformar som sam

BACKGROUND: The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is hypothesized to be relatively spared in early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). Yet, detailed examination of MTL subfield volumes and drivers of atrophy in amnestic EOAD is lacking.METHODS: BioFINDER-2 participants with memory impairment, abnormal amyloid-β status and tau-PET were included. Forty-one EOAD individuals aged ≤65 years and, as comparison,

AIMS: To describe the level of physical activity 6 months after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and to explore potential risk factors of a low level of physical activity.METHODS: Post-hoc analyses of the international multicentre Targeted Hypothermia versus Targeted Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac arrest (TTM2) trial. At 6 months, survivors at 61 sites in Europe, Australia and

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated an association between transplantation rate per center and postoperative mortality after heart transplantation. In 2011, Sweden centralized heart transplants and waiting lists, reducing the number of centers from 3 to 2. We aimed to assess the active waiting time and pre- and post-transplant mortality before and after centralization.METHODS: Heart tra

The ability of B-1 cells to become positively selected into the mature B cell pool, despite being weakly self-reactive, has puzzled the field since its initial discovery. Here, we explore changes in B cell positive selection as a function of developmental time by exploiting a link between CD5 surface levels and the natural occurrence of self-reactive B cell receptors (BCRs) in BCR wild-type mice.