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OBJECTIVE: Eleven genetic loci have reached genome-wide significance in a recent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in Parkinson disease (PD) based on populations of Caucasian descent. The extent to which these genetic effects are consistent across different populations is unknown.METHODS: Investigators from the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease Consortium were invited to p
The aerobic respiratory system of Bacillus subtilis 168 is known to contain three terminal oxidases: cytochrome caa3, which is a cytochrome c oxidase, and cytochrome aa3 and bd, which are quinol oxidases. The presence of a possible fourth oxidase in the bacterium was investigated using a constructed mutant, LUH27, that lacks the aa3 and caa3 terminal oxidases and is also deficient in succinate:men
BACKGROUND: Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI, EC 5.3.1.9) is an essential metabolic enzyme in all eukaryotes. An earlier study of the PgiC1 gene, which encodes cytosolic PGI in the grass Festuca ovina L., revealed a marked difference in the levels of nucleotide polymorphism between the 5' and 3' portions of the gene.METHODS: In the present study, we characterized the sequence polymorphism in F. ovina
Social interactions are rarely random. In some instances, animals exhibit homophily or heterophily, the tendency to interact with similar or dissimilar conspecifics, respectively. Genetic homophily and heterophily influence the evolutionary dynamics of populations, because they potentially affect sexual and social selection. Here, we investigate the link between social interactions and allele freq
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD)-linked β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulates in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the onset of AD pathogenesis. Alterations in endosomes are among the earliest changes associated with AD but the mechanism(s) that cause endosome enlargement and the effects of MVB dysfunction on Aβ accumulation and tau pathology are incompletely understood.METHODS: MVB size and Aβ fibrils i
This study focusses on the urban infrastructure for water supply in Roman Pompeii. The water distribution network of lead pipes was constructed inside the city walls, at the time when the city was connected to an aqueduct. Life for the Pompeiians changed considerably when aqueduct water started running continuously in street fountains all around the city. The study is based on previous research an
Keynote paper The point of departure for this lecture lies in the insight that tourism research is uniquely positioned at the juncture of applied and scholarly research. Drawing upon work I have conducted in the realms tourism and leisure study, the lecture strives to problematize the practice of ethnography as a method and raise questions concerning the opportunity research in the fields of tour
Respiration in animals, plants and many bacteria is dependent on heme A, which functions as a prosthetic group in a-type cytochromes (terminal energy-transducing oxidases in the electron transport chain that reduce molecular oxygen to water). Heme A synthase catalyses a chemically very demanding reaction, the conversion of one specific methyl side-group of heme O to a formyl group of heme A. This
Aims/hypothesis: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 65 genetic loci associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the contribution of distorted parental transmission of alleles to risk of type 2 diabetes has been mostly unexplored. Our goal was therefore to search for parent-of-origin effects (POE) among type 2 diabetes loci in families. Methods: Families from the
BACKGROUND: Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is a pivotal mechanism in critical illness and in the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, in which the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation plays a central role. Intestinal I/R injury initiates the extrinsic tissue factor or factor VIIa-dependent pathway of coagulation, also of importance in multiple organ dysfuncti
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a pathogen that causes severe local and life-threatening invasive diseases, which are associated with high mortality rates. Pneumococci have evolved several strategies to evade the host immune system, including complement to disseminate and to survive in various host niches. Thus, pneumococci bind complement inhibitors such as C4b-binding protein (C4BP) a
This paper introduces a research project with the aim to develop concepts and tools for architectural design, taking the ideas of "behaviour settings" as a starting point, to enable a more relevant holistic view in object oriented design of buildings. In this paper we introduce the concept of "architectural object" as a representation of a real "situation" involving people, behaviour, experience a
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, but reliable diagnosis and staging can contribute to optimal treatment planning, and is a crucial factor in reducing mortality and maintaining quality of life. Soft tissue mechanical properties are promising indicators of cancer that can be assessed non-invasively using functional imaging. Additionally, lymphatic involvement is considered a k
Telomeres are protective cap structures at the ends of the linear eukaryotic chromosomes, which provide stability to the genome by shielding from degradation and chromosome fusions. The cap consists of telomere-specific proteins binding to the respective single- and double-stranded parts of the telomeric sequence. In addition to the nucleation of the chromatin structure the telomere-binding protei
