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Structure and dynamics of the active site of hen egg-white lysozyme from atomic resolution neutron crystallography

Hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) is a widely used model protein in crystallographic studies and its enzymatic mechanism has been extensively investigated for decades. Despite this, the interaction between the reaction intermediate and the catalytic Asp52, as well as the orientation of Asn44 and Asn46 side chains, remain ambiguous. Here, we report the crystal structures of perdeuterated HEWL and D2O b

Allosteric rescue of catalytically impaired ATP phosphoribosyltransferase variants links protein dynamics to active-site electrostatic preorganisation

ATP phosphoribosyltransferase catalyses the first step of histidine biosynthesis and is controlled via a complex allosteric mechanism where the regulatory protein HisZ enhances catalysis by the catalytic protein HisGS while mediating allosteric inhibition by histidine. Activation by HisZ was proposed to position HisGS Arg56 to stabilise departure of the pyrophosphate leaving group. Here we report

The evolution of multiple active site configurations in a designed enzyme

Developments in computational chemistry, bioinformatics, and laboratory evolution have facilitated the de novo design and catalytic optimization of enzymes. Besides creating useful catalysts, the generation and iterative improvement of designed enzymes can provide valuable insight into the interplay between the many phenomena that have been suggested to contribute to catalysis. In this work, we fo

Crystal structure of β-glucosidase 1A from Thermotoga neapolitana and comparison of active site mutants for hydrolysis of flavonoid glucosides

The β-glucosidase TnBgl1A catalyses hydrolysis of O-linked terminal β-glycosidic bonds at the nonreducing end of glycosides/oligosaccharides. Enzymes with this specificity have potential in lignocellulose conversion (degrading cellobiose to glucose) and conversion of bioactive flavonoids (modification of glycosylation results in modulation of bioavailability). Previous work has shown TnBgl1A to hy

Protein Kinase Cepsilon Actin-binding Site Is Important for Neurite Outgrowth during Neuronal Differentiation.

We have previously shown that protein kinase Cepsilon (PKCepsilon) induces neurite outgrowth via its regulatory domain and independently of its kinase activity. This study aimed at identifying mechanisms regulating PKCepsilon-mediated neurite induction. We show an increased association of PKCepsilon to the cytoskeleton during neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, neurite induction by overexpressi

Developing an empirical model of stand GPP with the LUE approach: analysis of eddy covariance data at five contrasting conifer sites in Europe

This paper develops a statistical model for daily gross primary production (GPP) in boreal and temperate coniferous forests. The model applies the light use efficiency (LUE) approach, which estimates the conversion efficiency of daily absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) into daily GPP as a product of potential LUE and modifying factors. The latter were derived from daily total APAR

Site-selective regulation of platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor tyrosine phosphorylation by T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase.

The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) ß receptor mediates mitogenic and chemotactic signals. Like other tyrosine kinase receptors, the PDGF ß receptor is negatively regulated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). To explore whether T-cell PTP (TC-PTP) negatively regulates the PDGF ß receptor, we compared PDGF ß receptor tyrosine phosphorylation in wild-type and TC-PTP knockout (ko) mouse em