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To test the hypothesis that dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is important for sustaining primary production by the microphytobenthos (MPB) in nitrogen-limited conditions, we measured the uptake of (15)N-labelled urea, the amino acids glycine (GLY) and glutamic acid (GLU), and nitrate and ammonium under simulated in situ light and temperature conditions. Microphytobenthic primary production and chl

Background: Respiratory agents may be detected in the oropharynx of healthy individuals. The extent of this condition and the reasons behind it are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with the presence of respiratory agents in the oropharynx of adolescents healthy enough to attend school activities. Methods: On a single day in December, samples from

Transposition of intestinal segments is frequently used for bladder reconstruction. Following transposition, bowel segments continue to produce mucus and a correlation between excessive mucus production and complications such as urinary tract infection or catheter blockage has been observed for a long time. However, no information is currently available on the change of mucin expression and glycos

The aspartic protease cathepsin D, a poor prognostic indicator of breast cancer, is abundantly secreted as procathepsin D by human breast cancer cells and self-activates at low pH in vitro, giving rise to catalytically active cathepsin D. Due to a lower extracellular pH in tumor microenvironments compared to normal tissues, cathepsin D may cleave pathophysiological substrates contributing to cance

Objective: To evaluate if remission induced by low-dose prednisolone during the first 2 years of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the BARFOT glucocorticoid (GC) study had a sustained effect on radiological damage for a total of 4 years. Methods: A total of 150 of 211 eligible patients with RA who had been randomised to the 7.5 mg prednisolone group ( P) or no prednisolone group (NoP) in addition to th

Human carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1), that is one of the enzymes responsible for the reduced efficiency of treatments by the antineoplastic agents anthracyclines, was functionally expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. CBR1 was purified and kinetically characterised using daunorubicin as substrate. CBR1-catalysed reduction of daunorubicin followed an apparent Michaelis-Menten kinetics with K-M = 85.2

Objective To document the frequency and causes of maternal mortality and severe (near-miss) morbidity in metropolitan La Paz, Bolivia. Design Facility-based cross-sectional study. Setting Four maternity hospitals in La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia, where free maternal health care is provided through a government-subsidised programme. Population All maternal deaths and women with near-miss morbidity. M

Although climate is known to be one of the key factors determining animal species distributions amongst others, projections of global change impacts on their distributions often rely on bioclimatic envelope models. Vegetation structure and landscape configuration are also key determinants of distributions, but they are rarely considered in such assessments. We explore the consequences of using sim

Objective:To examine the relationship between high-risk human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes for type 1 diabetes and birth size in combination with prenatal characteristics in different countries.Study Design:Four high-risk HLA genotypes were enrolled in the Environmental determinants of Diabetes in the Young study newborn babies from the general population in Finland, Germany, Sweden and the U

This study investigated the feasibility and effects of organ bath to be used for detection of bronchial function of non-heart-beating donor (NHBD) lung after 1-h warm ischemia. Sixteen Swedish pigs were divided into two groups randomly: heart-beating donor (HBD) group and NHBD with 1-h warm ischemia (NHBD-1 h) group. The bronchial rings whose lengths and inner diameters were both 1.5 mm were obtai

This paper uses data from an observational study, conducted at access points in straight sections of primary roads in Malaysia in 2012, to investigate the effects of motorcyclists' behavior and road environment attributes on the occurrence of serious traffic conflicts involving motorcyclists entering primary roads via access points. In order to handle the unobserved heterogeneity in the small samp

PURPOSE: Cadmium in urine is positively associated with urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) concentrations, a sensitive marker of oxidative DNA damage. We determined whether kidney concentrations of cadmium, mercury, and lead, which may generate oxidative DNA damage, were associated with urinary 8-oxodG or not. METHODS: 8-OxodG was measured in separate 24 h and overnight urine sa

BackgroundPrevious studies have reported increased risk of brain tumors after allergic conditions, but no systematic analyses of these tumors in patients with autoimmune disease (AId) have been performed. No data are available on survival among patients with AId from brain tumors. We analyzed systematically risks and survival in histological types of brain tumors among patients who received a diag

PURPOSE: To examine the subsequent risk and prognosis of urological cancers among individuals diagnosed with autoimmune(AI) diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed systematically the risk and prognosis of prostate, kidney and bladder cancers among individuals diagnosed with any of 33 different AI diseases based on nation-wide Swedish database covering years 1964 through 2008. Standardized inc