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In recent decades, laser systems emitting pulses of light containing only a few electric field oscillations under their envelope have become common in many ultrafast optics laboratories. Owing to unique temporal characteristics and achieving extreme field strengths, these so-­called few­-cycle pulses have been instrumental in unlocking new regimes of light-­matter interaction.The work presented in

Subjective sleep reports are widely used research tools in epidemiology. Whether sleep reports can differ between seasons is less clear. Using multivariable binary or multinomial logistic regression analyses, in the present Swedish cross-sectional two-centre cohort study (N = 19,254; mean age 61 years), we found that participants surveyed during the summer (June–August) were more likely to report

Summary: This narrative review describes efforts to improve the care and prevention of fragility fractures in New Zealand from 2012 to 2022. This includes development of clinical standards and registries to benchmark provision of care, and public awareness campaigns to promote a life-course approach to bone health. Purpose: This review describes the development and implementation of a systematic a

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent chemicals capable of crossing the placenta and passing into breast milk. Evidence suggests that PFAS exposure may affect brain development. We investigated whether prenatal or early postnatal PFAS exposure was associated with intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in schoolchildren from the Odense Child Cohort (Denmark, 2010–2020). We assessed concentrati

Background: Cognitive impairment is common following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), but the nature of the impairment is poorly understood. Our objective was to describe cognitive impairment in OHCA survivors, with the hypothesis that OHCA survivors would perform significantly worse on neuropsychological tests of cognition than controls with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Another aim was

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been linked to immunotoxic and cardiometabolic effects in both experimental and epidemiological studies, but with conflicting results. Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate potential associations between plasma PFAS levels and plasma levels of preselected proteomic biomarkers previously linked to inflammation, metabolism an

Currently studies aiming for the comprehensive metabolomics profiling of measured total fat (%) as well as fat distribution in both sexes are lacking. In this work, bioimpedance analysis was applied to measure total fat (%) and fat distribution (trunk to leg ratio). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics was employed to profile the metabolic signatures of total fat (

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder that is usually diagnosed after 20 weeks' gestation. Despite the deleterious effect of smoking on cardiovascular disease, it has been frequently reported that smoking has a protective effect on preeclampsia risk and biological explanations have been proposed. However, in this manuscript, we present multiple sources of bias that could explain this association

OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of comorbidities and metabolic risk factors at and prior to giant cell arteritis (GCA) diagnosis. METHODS: This is a retrospective case control study of patients with incident GCA between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019, in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Two age- and sex-matched controls were identified, and each assigned an index date corresponding to an inci

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been suggested to contribute to the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, evidence from epidemiological studies remain divergent. The aim of the present study was to evaluate associations between PFAS exposure and prevalent diabetes in a cross-sectional analysis

This chapter presents information on hydrogen as an energy carrier, its properties, how to produce and store it, how to transport it, as well as its role in future energy systems. Opportunities and concerns about hydrogen are discussed. The basic principles and analysis of the key transport phenomena, bottlenecks, and applications of fuel cells are discussed. Most attention is paid to so-called PE

Introduction: The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) published a revised definition of sarcopenia in 2018. There are few incidence studies of sarcopenia following the latest definition. Objective: To study prevalence, incidence proportion and incidence rate of sarcopenia in a simple random sample of older Swedish men using the EWGSOP2 definition. Methods: Men aged 69-81

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The extremely rare Rh null phenotype is characterized by the absence of all Rh antigens on erythrocytes. It is divided into the regulator and amorph types based on the underlying genetic background. The more common regulator type depends on critical variants silencing RHAG, which encodes RhAG glycoprotein, necessary for RhD/RhCE expression. Rh null cells have altered exp

Skull bone mineral density (SK-BMD) provides a suitable trait for the discovery of key genes in bone biology, particularly to intramembranous ossification, not captured at other skeletal sites. We perform a genome-wide association meta-analysis (n ~ 43,800) of SK-BMD, identifying 59 loci, collectively explaining 12.5% of the trait variance. Association signals cluster within gene-sets involved in

BackgroundPolypharmacy is increasing. The longitudinal association of polypharmacy and social isolation has not been previously reported. The aim of this study was to explore longitudinal associations of polypharmacy with loneliness and social isolation among older adults.MethodsParticipants aged 60 years and above in southern Sweden were invited for participation. A total of 1526 and 2556 partici