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Background: In the past decades, the incidence of obesity has increased worldwide. This disease is often accompanied with several comorbidities and therefore, surgeons and anesthesiologists should be prepared to provide optimal management for these patients. The aim of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to map the criteria and routines that are used by Swedish knee arthroplasty surgeons to

Background: Many severe asthma patients with high oral corticosteroid exposure (HOCS) often do not initiate biologics despite being eligible. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of severe asthma patients with HOCS who did and did not initiate biologics. Methods: Baseline characteristics of patients with HOCS (long-term maintenance OCS therapy for at least 1 year, or ≥4 courses of stero

Background: Measuring multiple and higher-order interaction effects between multiple categorical variables proves challenging. Objectives: To illustrate a multilevel modelling approach to studying complex interactions. Methods: We apply a two-level random-intercept linear regression to a binary outcome for individuals (level-1) nested within strata (level-2) defined by all observed combinations of

Background: The impact of pre-antiretroviral treatment (ART) HIV-RNA on time to successful virological suppression and subsequent failure in HIV patients remains poorly investigated. Methods: We used the Swedish InfCareHIV database and the Danish HIV Cohort Study to evaluate impact of pre-ART HIV-RNA on primary virological suppression (HIV-RNA < 50copies/ml) and risk of secondary virological failu

Perovskite based photovoltaic devices are popularised by the rapid increase in their efficiencies. Understanding the fundamental physics and chemistry processes occurring upon excitation is key. We monitored the temporal evolution of the population and depopulation dynamics of various electronic states in FA0.85MA0.15PbI2.55Br0.45 by means of ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy in the visi

BACKGROUND: It is well known that electrical accidents can cause physical injury. Less well known is that long-term consequences may include emotional and cognitive problems. OBJECTIVE: To explore electricians' experiences and perceptions of work-related electrical accidents, with focus on psychological short- and long-term consequences, including how contacts with health care services and the wor

Introduction: In April 2019, an HIV-1 outbreak among children occurred in Larkana, Pakistan, affecting more than a thousand children. It was assumed that the outbreak originated from a single source, namely a doctor at a private health facility. In this study, we performed subtype distribution, phylogenetic and drug-resistance analysis of HIV-1 sequences from 2019 outbreak in Larkana, Pakistan. Me

Background: Chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive dysfunction are common in the elder population. There is evidence of a connection between these conditions, possibly by a shared vascular pathogenesis. Processing speed is commonly impaired in cerebrovascular disease. Methods: The data was obtained from the population based study “Good aging in Skåne” (GÅS), and included 905

Background: The microbiology and the susceptibility patterns of infected total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) vary depending on demographic, local antimicrobial stewardship, and surgical factors. We wanted to compare the recent microbial profile and antimicrobial resistance pattern in revisions due to infections after primary TKAs in Sweden and Lithuania. Our hypothesis was that there is a difference

Experimental studies are carried out to investigate the heat transfer performance of six different arrangements of truncated ribs in internal cooling channel by fixing the Reynolds number. The convective heat transfer mechanisms of the considered cases are detailed and analyzed based on the fluid flow characteristics by using three dimensional numerical simulations. The results show that among six

Insect migration redistributes enormous quantities of biomass, nutrients and species globally. A subset of insect migrants perform extreme long-distance journeys, requiring specialized morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations. The migratory globe skimmer dragonfly (Pantala flavescens) is hypothesized to migrate from India across the Indian Ocean to East Africa in the autumn, with a

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, has taken a catastrophic toll on society, health-care systems and the economy. Notably, COVID-19 has been shown to be associated with a higher mortality rate in men than in women. This disparity is likely to be a consequence of a failure to invest in men’s health, as it has also been established that men have a lower life expectancy and

Background: Instability after total knee arthroplasty is a common but poorly understood complication. Methods: Data from a large national registry was used to study patient and prosthesis characteristics of 2605 total knee arthroplasty revisions for instability. The cumulative percent revision was calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates, and Cox proportional models used to compare revision rates.

This paper performs a comparative analysis to obtain the optimal cross-section shape and parameters of both pin fins and vortex generators. A novel combined structure with pin fins and vortex generators is proposed to enhance thermal performance of an integrated microchannel heat sink. Effects of nanoparticle diameter and volume fraction are investigated using Al2O3 nanofluid and DI-water as worki

Thin vertical nanowires based on III-V compound semiconductors are viable candidates as channel material in metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) due to attractive carrier transport properties. However, for improved performance in terms of current density as well as contact resistance, adequate characterization techniques for resolving doping distribution within thin vertica

Screen time and physical inactivity have increased among children. As physical activity is a determinant of bone mass, there is a concern that children today have lower bone mass than earlier. If this is true, fractures may become more common in the future. In 2017–2018, we used single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) to measure distal forearm bone mineral density (BMD; mg/cm2) in a normative cohort of

The novel concept of impinging jet cooling, i.e., an active-passive air cooling strategy, was proposed to achieve improved battery thermal management in hybrid vehicles, and this method is supported by excess high pressure discharged air. To comprehensively realize the active-passive combined cooling behavior, a rectangular channel with a jet impingement hole was utilized to experimentally and num

Increasing the application of machine learning algorithms in engine development has the potential to reduce the number of experimental runs and the computation cost of computational fluid dynamics simulations. The objective of this study is to assess if such a statistical modelling approach can predict engine efficiency and emissions at any given condition for an already calibrated spark ignition