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Background: Available evidence suggests a link between exposure to transportation noise and an increased risk of obesity. We aimed to assess exposure-response functions for long-term residential exposure to road traffic, railway and aircraft noise, and markers of obesity. Methods: Our cross-sectional study is based on pooled data from 11 Nordic cohorts, including up to 162,639 individuals with eit

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) and Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are the most common urogenital cancers among both sexes, with a yearly global incidence of around 500 000 each. Both BC and RCC have been linked to diabetes. Poor glycemic control (malglycemia) is a serious consequence of diabetes and a possible consequence of systemic treatments used in BC and RCC. The objective of this study was to i

Background: Biologic effectiveness is often assessed as response, a term that eludes consistent definition. Identifying those most likely to respond in real-life has proven challenging. Objective: To explore definitions of biologic responders in adults with severe asthma and investigate patient characteristics associated with biologic response. Methods: This was a longitudinal cohort study using d

Objectives: To examine the risk of fractures in a cohort of patients with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA), compared to the background population, and predictors of fractures detectable early in RA. Methods: An inception cohort of patients with RA (N = 233; 164 women/69 men, recruited 1995–2005) was evaluated according to a structured program, including repeated clinical assessments and m

Background: Pain is a common feature of hemophilia, but prevalence of depression and anxiety is less studied. Registry data on prescription drugs can provide an objective measure of the magnitude of these complications. Objectives: To identify treatment patterns of prescribed pain, antidepressant, and antianxiety medications compared with those of matched controls in 4 Nordic countries. Methods: T

BACKGROUND: Proteomic profiling could potentially disclose new pathophysiological pathways for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and improve prediction at the individual level. We therefore aimed to study the plasma protein profile associated with the incidence of different CVDs. METHODS: Plasma levels of 245 proteins suspected to be linked to CVD or metabolism were measured in 4 Swedish prospective p

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had

Objectives: The aim of this follow-up study was to investigate whether loneliness and social isolation in a sample of olderadults, mean age of 67.4 years at baseline examination, were associated with sleep disturbances at re-examination at a mean age of 76.4 years.Methods: The study sample consisted of 2897 participants. Data on loneliness, social isolation, and sleep disturbanceswere collected th

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive biomarker of chronic low-grade inflammation and is associated with multiple complex diseases. The genetic determinants of chronic inflammation remain largely unknown, and the causal role of CRP in several clinical outcomes is debated. We performed two genome-wide association studies (GWASs), on HapMap and 1000 Genomes imputed data, of circulating amounts of

Intracellular delivery of mRNA, DNA, and other large macromolecules into cells plays an essential role in an array of biological research and clinical therapies. However, currentmethods yield a wide variation in the amount of material delivered, as well as limitations on the cell types and cargoes possible. Here, we demonstrate quantitatively controlled delivery into a range of primary cells and c

Phosphoinositide (PIP) lipids are anionic phospholipids playing a fundamental role for the activity of several transmembrane and soluble proteins. Among all, phosphoinositol-3′,4′,5′-trisphosphate (PIP3) is a secondary signaling messenger that regulates the function of proteins involved in cell growth and gene transcription. The present study aims to reveal the structure of PIP-containing lipid me

Background: In Western settings, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) due to Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) is relatively rare. Previous studies from Asia, however, indicate a higher prevalence of GNB in CAP, but data, particularly from Southeast Asia, are limited. Methods: This is a prospective observational study of 1451 patients ≥15 y of age with CAP from two hospitals in Cambodia between 2007 and 2

Inspired by Putnam’s study of Italy, this chapter develops applications that test the issue of social capital and health in the context of social epidemiology. Three central concepts are explained. The chapter attends to the technical issues, including, for example, the portion of children in subgroups identifying conflicts. The author then comes to his main message: the value of longitudinal expe

Background: Women who undergo autologous breast reconstruction have been reported to have an increased risk of breast cancer recurrence compared with those who have mastectomy alone. It has been suggested that more extensive surgery possibly activates dormant micrometastases. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether delayed unilateral deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap reconstruc

Emergence of a classical particle trajectory concept from the full quantum description is a key feature of quantum mechanics. Recent progress of solid-state on-demand sources has brought single-electron manipulation into the quantum regime; however, the quantum-to-classical crossover remains unprobed. Here we describe theoretically a mechanism for generating single-electron wave packets by tunneli

Antibodies targeting Ab42 are under intense scrutiny because of their therapeutic potential for Alzheimer’s disease. To enable systematic searches, we present an “antibody scanning” strategy for the generation of a panel of antibodies against Ab42. Each antibody in the panel is rationally designed to target a specific linear epitope, with the selected epitopes scanning the Ab42 sequence. By screen

The first step of the adaptive immune response involves the interaction of T cells that express T-cell receptors (TCRs) with peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complexes expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Exactly how this leads to activation of the TCR and to downstream signaling is uncertain, however. Recent findings suggest that one of the key events is the exclusion of the large

The fascinating relationship between structure and property in nanowires has enabled a wealth of applications in photonics and electronics. The behavior of phonons in nanowires is also modified compared to their bulk counterparts. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent efforts to investigate the properties of acoustic phonons in nanowires using ultrafast optical methods. In particula