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BACKGROUND: Environmental contamination of norovirus (NoV) is believed to be a significant source for further transmission in hospitals.AIM: To investigate the risk of acquiring NoV in a cleaned room previously occupied by a patient with NoV infection. The risk of having a roommate with recent NoV infection was also assessed.METHODS: In a retrospective cohort, comprising 33,788 room stays at five
Insects have evolved diverse and remarkable strategies for navigating in various ecologies all over the world. Regardless of species, insects share the presence of a group of morphologically conserved neuropils known collectively as the central complex (CX). The CX is a navigational center, involved in sensory integration and coordinated motor activity. Despite the fact that our understanding of n
Insect neuroscience generates vast amounts of highly diverse data, of which only a small fraction are findable, accessible and reusable. To promote an open data culture, we have therefore developed the InsectBrainDatabase (IBdb), a free online platform for insect neuroanatomical and functional data. The IBdb facilitates biological insight by enabling effective cross-species comparisons, by linking
Josephson junctions have broad applications in metrology, quantum information processing, and remote sensing. For these applications, the electronic noise is a limiting factor. In this work we study the thermal noise in narrow Josephson junctions using a tight-binding Hamiltonian. For a junction longer than the superconducting coherence length, several self-consistent gap profiles appear close to
Background Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are generally quantified using a 24h ECG recording, but the diagnostic accuracy is unknown. We aimed to determine the day-to-day variability and optimal monitoring duration for PVC measurements among patients with frequent PVCs. Methods We included all patients who underwent a clinical ambulatory ECG recording lasting 25-30 days, using the PocketEC
Background How does genetic liability to suicide attempt (SA), suicide death (SD), major depression (MD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SZ), alcohol use disorder (AUD), and drug use disorder (DUD) impact on risk for SA and SD? Methods In the Swedish general population born 1932-1995 and followed through 2017 (n = 7 661 519), we calculate family genetic risk scores (FGRS) for SA, SD, MD, BD
Hypertension is the leading risk factor for premature death worldwide. The identification of modifiable causes of hypertension remains an imperative task. We aimed to investigate associations between 79 proteins implicated in cardiovascular disease and longitudinal blood pressure (BP) changes in three Swedish prospective cohorts. In a discovery phase, we investigated associations between baseline
Accurate and efficient quantum control in the presence of constraints and decoherence is a requirement and a challenge in quantum information processing. Shortcuts to adiabaticity, originally proposed to speed up the slow adiabatic process, have nowadays become versatile toolboxes for preparing states or controlling the quantum dynamics. Unique shortcut designs are required for each quantum system
Metal oxide shell layers are promising candidates to improve the performance of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in various applications. However, despite a significant amount of experimental work on metal@metal oxide (M@MO) NPs, computational modeling is scarce, particularly on the sintering mechanism, which plays a crucial role in both the synthesis and performance of NPs. Here, we present atomic diffu
This thesis aims to expand on the fundamental knowledge of crystal growth, selectively focusing on the area of particle-seeded nanowire growth in the III-V materials system. The growth process is complex. It typically occurs via the vapor-liquid-solid method, wherein growth material is supplied in the vapor phase, but the solidification process occurs dynamically, layer by layer, via an intermedia
Epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to idiopathic scoliosis (IS). We identified 8 monozygotic twin pairs with IS, 6 discordant (Cobb angle difference >10°) and 2 concordant (Cobb angle difference ≤2°). Genome‐wide methylation in blood was measured with the Infinium HumanMethylation EPIC Beadchip. We tested for differences in methylation and methylation variability between discordant twins and tes
Industrial catalysts are often comprised of nanoparticles supported on high-surface-area oxides, in order to maximise the catalytically active surface area and thereby utilise the active material better. These nanoparticles expose steps and corners that, due to low coordination to neighboring atoms, are more reactive and, as a consequence, are often assumed to have higher catalytic activity. We ha
BACKGROUND: Sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitors reduce cardiovascular outcomes including mortality in several populations; however, their effect on atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF) remains unclear. Our objective was to determine whether SGLT inhibitors reduce AF and whether a history of AF modifies the effect of SGLT inhibitors on the composite of heart failure hospitalization or cardi
Lack of tools for detailed, real-time observation of mosquito behavior with high spatio-temporal resolution limits progress towards improved malaria vector control. We deployed a high-resolution entomological lidar to monitor a half-kilometer static transect positioned over rice fields outside a Tanzanian village. A quarter of a million in situ insect observations were classified, and several inse
The outer membrane protein A (OmpA) family contains an evolutionary conserved domain that links the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria to the semi-rigid peptidoglycan (PG) layer. The clinically significant pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa carries several OmpA family proteins (OprF, OprL, PA0833, and PA1048) that share the PG-binding domain. These proteins are important for cell morphology, me
BACKGROUND: Fish is a primary source of protein and n-3 PUFA but also contains methylmercury (MeHg), a naturally occurring neurotoxicant to which, at sufficient exposure levels, the developing fetal brain is particularly sensitive. OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between prenatal MeHg and maternal status of n-3 and n-6 PUFA with neurodevelopment, and to determine whether PUFA might modify p
The dynamic changes in composition in the near-surface region of a Pd75%Ag25%(100) single crystal were monitored using near-ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) during CO oxidation under oxygen rich conditions at a total pressure of 1.1 mbar. Six CO oxidation temperature cycles were investigated at different heating rates and maximum temperatures of 450 °C or 600 °C. It was
Parasites exert a strong selection pressure on their hosts as manifested in behavioural antiparasite traits to reduce negative impacts on fitness. The numerous nest-dwelling ecto-parasites residing in avian nests make altricial birds excellent model-systems for investigating the relationship between parasites and their hosts. Here, we experimentally increased natural levels of hen fleas Ceratophyl
