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We investigate the interfaces and polarity domains at the atomic scale in epitaxial AlN and GaN/AlN grown by hot-wall metal organic chemical vapor epitaxy on the carbon face of SiC. X-ray diffraction, potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet chemical etching, and scanning transmission electron microscopy combined provide an in-depth understanding of polarity evolution with the film thickness, which is crucia

Background Severe alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), phenotype PiZZ, is a risk factor for pulmonary emphysema and liver disease, but its effect on cancer risk is unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the risk and the risk factors for incident cancer in PiZZ individuals compared with the general population with known smoking habits. Methods A longitudinal study of PiZZ individuals (n=1595) from the

Many environmental risk factors for hepatobiliary cancers are known but whether they are associated with specific cancer types is unclear. We present here a novel approach of assessing standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of previously diagnosed comorbidities for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gallbladder cancer (GBC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and ampullary cancer. The 13 comorbidities included a

Heterostructured nanowires exhibit unique physical and electronic properties and are most commonly grown by the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. Some of these properties are related to the interfacial abruptness of the heterointerface which makes its understanding and control particularly important for further development. In this regard, we present a model based on mass balance of atoms in the catal

Although AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with high power and current gain have been demonstrated in RF device applications, at high signal operation they show an inherent non-linear behavior which leads to gain compression and signal distortion. Polarization-doped AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, with a compositionally graded channel enables a linear response improvement through formation of a 3-D electron gas. In this work, we

BACKGROUND: Continued professional development (CPD) is required for updated skills and knowledge. This study evaluates the efficacy of a CPD programme for mainstream school teachers.AIMS: In an 11-week intervention programme, speech-language therapists (SLTs) presented the participating teachers with whole-class teaching techniques aimed at creating a language and communication-supporting classro

We propose and theoretically investigate an alternative way to create the poor man's Majorana bound states (MBSs) introduced in Phys. Rev. B 86, 134528 (2012)10.1103/PhysRevB.86.134528. Our proposal is based on two quantum dots (QDs) with strong electron-electron interactions that couple via a central QD with proximity-induced superconductivity. In the presence of spin-orbit coupling and a magneti

A Majorana box - two topological superconducting nanowires coupled via a trivial superconductor - is a building block in devices aiming to demonstrate non-Abelian physics, as well as for topological quantum computer architectures. We theoretically investigate charge transport through a Majorana box and show that current can be blocked when two Majoranas couple to the same lead, fixing their parity

Flame front visualization using methyl photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence (CH3-PF-LIF) was demonstrated in turbulent premixed methane/air flames. A pump–probe method was used to detect CH3, where CH3 was first photolyzed to CH (X2П) fragments using a pump laser (212.8 nm), and the fragments were subsequently excited to CH in the C2Σ+ state by a probe laser at 314.4 nm. By detecting fluo

Background: Having knowledge of which patients are more likely to experience fatigue during radiotherapy and the relationship between fatigue and health-related quality of life (HRQL) is important to improve identification and care of patients experiencing burdensome fatigue. Objective: To identify subgroups of patients, varying in situational, physiological, and psychological factors, who are mor

Objective: The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) frailty index (FI) predicts mortality and damage accrual in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but its association with hospitalizations has not been described. Our objective was to estimate the association of baseline SLICC-FI values with future hospitalizations in the SLICC inception cohort. Methods: Baseline SLICC-FI sco

The atomic arrangement of the terminating facets on spinel Co3O4 nanocrystals is strongly linked to their catalytic performance. However, the spinel crystal structure offers multiple possible surface terminations depending on the synthesis. Thus, understanding the terminating surface atomic structure is essential in developing high-performance Co3O4 nanocrystals. In this work, we present direct at

Optimising reactions in artificial photosynthesis research requires screening of many reaction and operation parameters, which is often resource-intense and time-consuming. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a rotational Raman-based spectrometer for non-invasive quantification of several gases (H2, O2, N2, CO, CO2) with short analysis times (15 s), enabling high throughput screening. Further

Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer (CRC) are at a high risk of developing CRC. Preclinical and population-based evidence suggests that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) might play a role in preventing CRC. We performed a nationwide cohort study to explore whether the use of SSRIs could reduce CRC risk among individuals with family history. We identified individual

A hot-carrier solar cell aims to generate power from energetic, photoexcited, charge carriers, so called hot carriers, in order to reach higher conversion efficiencies than current solar cell technology.Creating a hot-carrier solar cell has proven challenging for two main reasons: hot carriers lose their energy very quickly, and they need to be extracted over distances of a few hundrednanometers v

Generally, droplet velocity in liquid-liquid two-phase flow in microchannel is obtained via droplet displacement and time interval precise determination in sequential photos/videos. The precision is tightly related to shutter speed of the camera. In this paper, a novel method called direct image method is proposed to predict the droplet velocity. The droplet velocity can be easily obtained in one

Purpose of ReviewBreathlessness is a common, distressing, and limiting symptom that many people avoid by reducing their activity. This review discusses exertional tests that can be used for uncovering and assessing breathlessness depending on the person's severity of illness, function, the setting, and aim of the assessment.Recent FindingsStandardized exertional tests are useful to uncover 'hidden

We measure the rates and coupling coefficients for local Andreev, nonlocal Andreev, and elastic cotunneling processes. The nonlocal Andreev process, giving rise to Cooper pair splitting, exhibits the same coupling coefficient as the elastic cotunneling whereas the local Andreev process is more than 2 orders of magnitude stronger than the corresponding nonlocal one. Theory estimates describe the fi

Objective Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and severe manifestation of SLE. The genetic risk for nephritis and progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with LN remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to identify novel genetic associations with LN, focusing on subphenotypes and ESRD. Methods We analysed genomic data on 958 patients with SLE (discovery cohort: LN=338) with targeted sequen

Background: The treatments for trochanteric fractures try to regain early mobility and limit morbidity and risk of reoperations. The most currently used dynamic hip screw (DHS) and the proximal femoral nail (PFN) are both with pros and cons. We aimed to assess the comparative effectiveness of these interventions for trochanteric fractures by evaluating the surgical performance and postoperative ou