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In this study, we report the degradation of smooth and rough lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria and of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Gram-positive bacteria by peptide-coated TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). While bare TiO2 NPs displayed minor binding to both LPS and LTA, coating TiO2 NPs with the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 dramatically increased the level of binding to both LPS an
BACKGROUND: The MeToo-movement challenges the 'culture of silence' regarding sexual harassment (SH). There are few studies regarding this phenomenon in academic settings. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between having reported or disclosed SH, on the one hand, and background factors and general health and wellbeing of exposed individuals, types of SH and perpetrator chara
Background: Guidelines recommend neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and radical cystectomy (RC) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Current recommendations do not consider genomic profiles, although the Basal/Squamous (Ba/Sq) subtype is less likely to respond to NAC compared to Urothelial-like (Uro) and Genomically Unstable (GU) subtypes. The aim of this study is to perform cost-effectiveness a
Globally, 3 billion people rely on solid biomass fuel for their everyday cooking, most often using inefficient cooking practices, leading to high exposure levels of household air pollution. This is subsequently associated with negative health and climate impact. Further, the inefficient use of biomass fuels applies pressure on natural forests, resulting in deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and
We report on recent developments that enable megahertz hard X-ray phase contrast imaging (MHz XPCI) experiments at the Single Particles, Clusters, and Biomolecules and Serial Femtosecond Crystallography (SPB/SFX) instrument of the European XFEL facility (EuXFEL). We describe the technical implementation of the key components, including an MHz fast camera and a modular indirect X-ray microscope sys
Purpose: Use of mechanical imaging (MI) as complementary to digital mammography (DM), or in simultaneous digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and MI - DBTMI, has demonstrated the potential to increase the specificity of breast cancer screening and reduce unnecessary biopsies compared with DM. The aim of this study is to investigate the increase in the radiation dose due to the presence of an MI sens
Steadily increasing use of computer-generated models sets high demands on the realistic representation of breast tissue and abnormalities. Previously, we demonstrated the use of Perlin noise to simulate breast lesions. Now, we expand the previous model by simulating heterogeneous lesion composition. We demonstrate a new approach to simulating 3D soft tissue lesions, with additional benefits of Per
Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities 1,2 . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity 3–6 . Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to re
Background Underweight and severe and morbid obesity are associated with highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes. We estimated trends in mean body-mass index (BMI), which characterises its population distribution, and in the prevalences of a complete set of BMI categories for adults in all countries. Methods We analysed, with use of a consistent protocol, population-based studies that ha
BACKGROUND: There is a well-known comorbidity between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) which is only partially explained by common risk factors. Markers of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction (CVAD), such as orthostatic hypotension and increased resting heart rate, are strongly associated with CAD. The autonomic nervous system also innervates the airw
Lymphoid specification is the process by which hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their progeny become restricted to differentiation through the lymphoid lineages. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors E2A and Lyl1 form a complex that promotes lymphoid specification. In this study, we demonstrate that Tal1, a Lyl1-related basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that promotes T acut
In this letter, we demonstrate low-frequency noise (LFN) characterization of an InAs vertical gate-all-around hafnium-zirconium oxide (HZO) ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FeFET). The LFN characteristics are investigated before and after ferroelectric switching for up to 1000 cycles in the FeFET. The evolution of such cycling reveals distinct differences in the LFN for the two polarization
A photoelectron, emitted due to the absorption of light quanta as described by the photoelectric effect, is often characterized experimentally by a classical quantity, its momentum. However, since the photoelectron is a quantum object, its rigorous characterization requires the reconstruction of the complete quantum state, the photoelectron’s density matrix. Here we use quantum-state tomography to
The emission spectra from the ablation of airborne alumina nanoparticles by a 532 nm nanosecond pulsed laser are investigated to clarify the underlying mechanism and the applicability of different laser diagnostic techniques such as the laser-induced incandescence (LII) and the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The particles were observed to be completely ablated above the laser fluence
This chapter outlines the opportunities and current developments of label-free separation of circulating tumor cell (CTC) from blood cells using acoustophoresis. It describes two platforms that have been developed to enable subsequent evaluation of acoustophoresis in clinical settings. All nucleated cells in suspension flow along a microchannel wherein the cells are exposed to an acoustic field. T
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology can detect molecular information; Because of its high sensitivity, it is widely used in chemical analysis. In this study discussed the experimental detection of 1,4-diethynylbenzene molecule based on SERS technology. The SERS spectra of 1,4-diethynylbenzene molecule were calculated by Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulation, and the results sh
Billions of animals undertake migratory journeys every year, with powerful consequences for ecosystem dynamics. Key behaviours that enable successful migration are often guided by the visual system. The amount and quality of information that animals can extract from visual scenes are directly related to structural eye size—larger eyes can house larger pupils, enhancing light-gathering capacity and
Background: In the Malmö Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Trial (MBTST), digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) increased the detection rate of breast cancer compared to currently used digital mammography (DM). This study evaluated the cost effectiveness of DBT versus DM in Sweden using data from MBTST. Materials and method: A health economic model was used to compare a breast cancer screening programme
