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A large portion of atmospheric aerosol particles consists of secondary material produced by oxidation reactions. The relative importance of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) can increase with improved emission regulations. A relatively simple way to study potential particle formation in the atmosphere is by using oxidation flow reactors (OFRs) which simulate atmospheric ageing. Here we report on the
BACKGROUND: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a multifactorial disease with both genetic and environmental components. Smoking is the most important modifiable risk factor for CHD. Our aim was to test whether the increased CHD incidence by smoking is modified by genetic predisposition to CHD. METHODS AND RESULTS: Our study included 24 443 individuals from the MDCS (Malmö Diet and Cancer Study). A we
Background Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) and restrictive spirometry pattern (RSP) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) measures small airway function more sensitively than spirometry. We aim to study the prevalence of abnormal IOS findings in relation to three spirometry patterns (obstructive, PRI
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular calcification is a significant predictor and contributor to cardiovascular diseases. Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in microcalcification formation. EVs can originate from the endosomal system, and PIKFYVE (1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase), a lipid kinase, plays a key role in endomembrane maturation.
Carbon Black (CB), graphene, and nanodiamonds represent three classes of manufactured carbonaceous nanoparticles consisting almost exclusively of insoluble material. Particle-related Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) have been linked to in vivo and in vitro toxicity and determining particle ROS activity is an efficient way of estimating nanomaterial toxicity and assist in the safe-by-design developmen
Previous treatment studies have suggested an antidepressant effect of adjunctive probiotics, but more high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed before clinical implementation. The mechanisms underlying putative antidepressant effects of probiotics are not understood, but one possibility is that they are mediated via short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) − neuroactive bacterial metaboli
BACKGROUND: Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a rare cardiac disorder that predispose to supraventricular arrhythmias. Prognosis is usually benign, yet there is an increased lifetime risk of sudden death. While typically sporadic, familial clustering has been reported. This study aimed to assess the risk of WPW, arrhythmias, and mortality among siblings of individuals with WPW.METHODS: This
Post-compression of (sub)-picosecond laser pulses down to sub-100 fs durations has become a standard approach for high-peak-power sources at a high average power [1]. Here, we propose a new post-compression geometry suited for extreme temporal compression of energetic narrowband lasers, such as diode or electrically pumped four-level systems which can deliver kW-average powers [2], but typically e
Background: The lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) mediates atherosclerotic plaque inflammation and vulnerability. On activation, LOX-1 sheds its extracellular domain into the circulation as soluble LOX-1 (sLOX-1). sLOX-1 is markedly elevated in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: We prospectively assessed the associations between plasma sLOX-1 and th
Objectives The aim was to investigate the variation in risk of breast cancer between occupational groups with a focus on white-collar and blue-collar workers and to investigate to what extent the differences were explained by risk factors related to reproduction and lifestyle. Methods Between 1991 and 1996, 14 119 women born between 1923 and 1950 and residents of Malmö, Sweden, were included in th
Objective: Experimental findings and previous observational data have suggested lower risk of osteoarthritis (OA) with statin use but results are inconsistent. Large-scale studies with a clinically important outcome are needed. Thus, we aimed to determine whether statin use is associated with a reduced risk of developing clinically-defined hip or knee OA. Design: Pooled analysis based on time-to-e
It is unclear whether genetic markers interact with risk factors to influence atrial fibrillation (AF) risk. We performed genome-wide interaction analyses between genetic variants and age, sex, hypertension, and body mass index in the AFGen Consortium. Study-specific results were combined using meta-analysis (88,383 individuals of European descent, including 7,292 with AF). Variants with nominal i
Importance: Aortic stenosis (AS) has no approved medical treatment. Identifying etiological pathways for AS could identify pharmacological targets. Objective: To identify novel genetic loci and pathways associated with AS. Design, Setting, and Participants: This genome-wide association study used a case-control design to evaluate 44703 participants (3469 cases of AS) of self-reported European ance
BACKGROUND: Restrictions in social and leisure activity can have negative consequences for the health and well-being of stroke survivors. To support the growing number of people who are ageing with stroke, knowledge is needed about factors that influence such activity in a long-term perspective. AIM: To identify long-term predictors of the frequency of social and leisure activities 10 years afte
BACKGROUND—: Atrial fibrillation (AF) has a substantial genetic basis. Identification of individuals at greatest AF risk could minimize the incidence of cardioembolic stroke. METHODS—: To determine whether genetic data can stratify risk for development of AF, we examined associations between AF genetic risk scores and incident AF in five prospective studies comprising 18,919 individuals of Europea
Stem cell engineering and grafting of mesencephalic dopamine (mesDA) neurons is a promising strategy for brain repair in Parkinson's disease (PD). Refinement of differentiation protocols to optimize this approach will require deeper understanding of mesDA neuron development. Here, we studied this process using transcriptome-wide single-cell RNA sequencing of mouse neural progenitors expressing the
Background Genome-wide association studies have so far identified 56 loci associated with risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Many CAD loci show pleiotropy; that is, they are also associated with other diseases or traits. Objectives This study sought to systematically test if genetic variants identified for non-CAD diseases/traits also associate with CAD and to undertake a comprehensive analysi
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane enclosed biological nanoparticles released by cells. In the past two decades, EVs have gained a lot of attention due to their role in numerous biological processes. However, their small nature complicates isolating them from biological fluids with cumbersome techniques, such as ultracentrifugation. Acoustic trapping is a technique that uses ultrasonic stan
