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We present a superconducting cavity-coupled double quantum dot (DQD) photodiode that achieves a maximum photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of 25% in the microwave domain. With a higher-quality-factor cavity and improved device design to prevent photon leakages through unwanted pathways, our device measures microwave signals down to the 100-aW power level and achieves sensitivity to probe mic

Background: Inhaled nanomaterials can translocate from the lungs into systemic circulation and reach the liver, which is the main secondary organ for nanomaterial uptake, potentially causing adverse effects. Understanding how inhaled nanomaterials localize within liver tissue is important for understanding their clearance mechanisms and potential toxicity. Previous in vivo studies have primarily f

Multi-wavelength thermo-optical analysis (MW-TOA) and Raman spectroscopy are commonly used methods to study soot sampled on filters, in terms of carbon content, nanostructure, and absorption properties. In this work, these techniques were combined to study how these characteristic properties of soot change in premixed flames, 1) at various flame heights during soot maturation and 2) as a result of

Using megahertz x-ray free electron laser imaging with x-ray pulses of ~25 femtoseconds and a machine-learning strategy, we have conducted comprehensive in situ imaging studies on the dynamics of cavitation bubble clouds in ultrasound fields at the SPB/SFX beamline of the European XFEL. The research unambiguously revealed the quasi-simultaneous implosion of multiple bubbles and simultaneous collap

Background: Studies in breast cancer patients have consistently shown that physical activity improves survival. We examined if change in physical activity from before to after a breast cancer diagnosis is associated with outpatient specialist care use and hospitalisations in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This register-based cohort study included 2145 women with T2DM who self

Introduction: Cell-free DNA is an emerging marker of allograft injury, yet its role in the immediate phase of ischemia–reperfusion injury remains incompletely understood.Methods: In this prospective cohort of 127 kidney transplant recipients (86 deceased donors, 41 living donors), intraoperative plasma samples were collected systemically pre-implantation and from the allograft vein postreperfusion

The growing complexity of urban energy systems, climate uncertainties, and geopolitical disruptions highlight the need for energy flexibility and smart management. Recent developments in smart buildings enable real-time adaptability and collective energy behavior through the deployment of Reinforcement Learning (RL), which optimizes energy use, integrates distributed resources, and enhances demand

BACKGROUND: Digital technologies are increasingly central to supporting autonomy, health, and social participation in later life. However, disparities persist in the ability to keep up with technological developments, affecting individuals' opportunities to benefit from digital health and social innovations.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate factors associated with individuals' self-report

This work introduces a sustainable and versatile synthesis platform for nanosized metal–ceria catalysts with tunable composition, directly relevant to renewable energy conversion and CO2 utilization. The method enables parallel preparation of multiple catalysts in a single batch with high yield and reproducibility, while reducing environmental impact by 92% compared to conventional approaches, as

Background: Metformin is one of the most used drugs worldwide. Given the increasing use of proteomics in trials, bioresources, and clinics, it is crucial to understand the influence of metformin on the levels of the circulating proteome. Methods: We analysed a combined longitudinal proteomics dataset from the IMPOCT, RAMP and S3WP-T2D clinical trials in 98 participants before and after metformin e

Objectives This study aimed to examine associations of sociodemographic factors, cervical cancer, urogenital infections (cystitis, vulvovaginitis, and vaginosis), and parity with pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID). Methods Nationwide open cohort study including 4,097,075 women aged 15 years or older during the study time period (2002–2018). Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to es

Bacteriophages must overcome diverse bacterial immune systems, yet the molecular principles enabling such escape remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the phage homing endonuclease SegB facilitates immune evasion by promoting the segmental amplification of anti-defense loci. The antiphage defense Septu inhibits phage T6 replication by cleaving the variable loop of tRNATyr. We show that SegB

Background: Limited evidence exists for effect modification of genetic characteristics on the associations of food consumption and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether the food-T2D association would vary by genetic susceptibility to metabolic traits. Methods: We analyzed data from 9542 incident T2D cases and a subcohort of 12,477 participants nested within th

Immersive visual environment can deceive our interoceptive perception of how we move relative to our environment. If the visual environment or a high reliance on vision produces straining work conditions, motion sickness or is associated with a medical disorder, the causes merit addressing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether postural control adapts to challenging visua

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on platinum is limited by a substantial overpotential, which hampers the efficiency of fuel cell technologies. While adsorbate binding energies have been widely used to explain ORR kinetics, we here illustrate a more complex role of platinum surface oxides, which are often ambiguously defined in the literature. We use operando total reflection X-ray absorption f

Under electrochemical polarization, many electrocatalysts can undergo oxidation that alters their reactivity and can lead to restructuring and dissolution. In this context, the structure-property relationships of electrocatalysts, as well as their kinetics and dynamic behaviour, are still poorly understood. This knowledge gap mainly relies on the limitations of many traditional spectroscopic and s

Temperature control is crucial when handling biological particles. In acoustofluidics, temperature regulation is also critical since its fluctuations induce resonance shifts that deteriorates the acoustophoretic performance. In this work, we present a novel simple design that thermally decouples a microfluidic chip from the piezoelectric actuator through a thin copper sheet, allowing precise tempe

Direct reprogramming offers a powerful approach to generate therapeutic cell types, but progress is limited by an incomplete understanding of transcription factor (TF) cooperativity. Here, we present a protocol for performing combinatorial TF screening to resolve reprogramming factor networks that drive cell identity. We describe steps for arrayed lentiviral production, transduction, and reprogram

Androgen ablating drugs increase life expectancy in men with metastatic prostate cancer, but resistance inevitably develops. In a majority of these recurrent tumors, the androgen axis is reactivated in the form of increased androgen receptor (AR) expression. Targeting proteins that are expressed as a down-stream effect of AR activity is a promising rationale for management of this disease. The hum