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We report on VLT/GIRAFFE spectra of stars in two recently discovered ultra-faint satellites, Reticulum 2 and Horologium 1, obtained as part of the Gaia-ESO Survey. We identify 18 members in Reticulum 2 and five in Horologium 1. We find Reticulum 2 to have a velocity dispersion of 3.22(-0.49)(+1.64) km s(-1) , implying a mass-to-light ratio (M/L) of similar to 500. The mean metallicity of Reticulum
Background: The study presented here has used the commercial flow sheeting program Aspen Plus (TM) to evaluate techno-economic aspects of large-scale hemp-based processes for producing transportation fuels. The co-production of biogas, district heat and power from chopped and steam-pretreated hemp, and the co-production of ethanol, biogas, heat and power from steam-pretreated hemp were analysed. T
In this study the effects of degree of homogenization and concentration of insoluble material on the perceived texture of apple, tomato, potato pulp and carrot fiber suspensions have been investigated. This was done using a descriptive sensory analysis with the attributes melting, slippery, crispy, grainy and thick. The texture attributes were then correlated to the physicochemical properties of t
Lentic water bodies (lakes and reservoirs) offer favorable conditions for silica (SiO2) burial in sediments. Recent global estimates suggest that (1) lentic SiO2 trapping is a globally important SiO2 flux, and (2) through reservoir construction, humans have dramatically altered river dissolved SiO2 (DSi) transport and coastal DSi delivery. However, regional to global scale patterns and controls of
Although macroeconomic factors are part of several models for evaluation of credit risk, there is little effort to distinguish between effects of such factors and "intrinsic" factors on changes in credit risk. We argue that lenders, management, courts and traders in distressed securities would benefit from information about the degree to which macroeconomic factors affect changes in the likelihood
The pectin content in the soluble and insoluble fractions of fiber suspensions from carrot, potato pulp and apple heat treated in four different ways was determined together with the particle size distribution, water-holding capacity (WHC), morphology and rheological properties of the fiber suspensions. In the carrot and apple suspensions, where beta-elimination was favored, the soluble pectin inc
In this article the role of children's awareness of the function of language use is examined in an empirical, qualitative investigation. Forty children of six and 10 years old were asked to make sense of a science problem in special dialogue setting where they were encouraged to reflect on their own language use. The article concerns the interplay between language use and meaning-making. Dialogue
Objective In contrast with the wealth of data on ischaemic heart disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), data on stroke are scarce and contradictory. Despite the high clinical and aetiological relevance, there is no data regarding when (if ever) after RA diagnosis there is an increased risk. Our objective was to assess the risk of stroke (by subtype) in contemporary patients with RA, particularly in
Two-dimensional numerical simulations of the flow and temperature fields inside the bend (turn) part of a U duct have been performed. Both the standard and low Reynolds number k-epsilon models were used to solve the smooth bend (turn) part and ribbed bend (turn) part, respectively. For the standard k-epsilon model, the wall function approach was used at the near wall region where the log-law was a
The glycosphingolipid (GSL) antigens in the clinically important P1PK and GLOB blood group systems are present on erythrocytes as well as other tissues and are so-called histo-blood group antigens. Blood group antigens of carbohydrate nature are products of enzymes, so-called glycosyltransferases, adding sugars in a step-wise manner to an acceptor substrate. Presence or absence of the P1PK and GLO
This paper compares general measures against tax avoidance and the design of general anti-avoidance rules (GAARs) in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. It focuses on aspects such as tax benefits, tax purposes, economic substance, and breaches of legislative purpose. The paper also examines potential compliance issues between national GAARs, tax treaties, and the European Union’s Anti-Tax Avoida
A long-standing question in evolutionary biology is how historical biogeographic processes have shaped the current diversity of organisms, especially for highly diverse groups. We study the diversification dynamics and biogeographic processes of one of the most diverse families of Lepidoptera, Geometridae, with over 24,000 described species and a worldwide distribution. Despite the cosmopolitan di
Background: The Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee guideline (SNC-16) was developed and published in 2016, to aid clinicians in management of pediatric head injuries in Scandinavian emergency departments (ED). The objective of this study was to explore determinants for use of the SNC-16 guideline by Swedish ED physicians. Methods: This is a nationwide, cross-sectional, web-based survey in Sweden.
This essay does not claim to be a gender and quantitative analysis of rescue. Its modest aim is to discuss complexities and difficulties of studying the subject of rescue of Jews in wartime Poland from a gender perspective. The initial analysis put forward here is intended to investigate to what extent gender mattered in the treatment of the non-Jewish Polish rescuers by members of their local com
Phocaeicola dorei and Phocaeicola vulgatus are very common and abundant members of the human gut microbiome and play an important role in the infant gut microbiome. These species are closely related and often confused for one another; yet, their genome comparison, interspecific diversity, and evolutionary relationships have not been studied in detail so far. Here, we perform phylogenetic anal
The early evolution of sex chromosomes has remained obscure for more than a century. The Vandiemenella viatica species group of morabine grasshoppers is highly suited for studying the early stages of sex chromosome divergence and degeneration of the Y chromosome. This stems from the fact that neo-XY sex chromosomes have independently evolved multiple times by X-autosome fusions with different auto
In the following study, using highly-developed remote sensing methodologies, a historical over-ten-year study of the LULC phenomenon of the Khorezm Oasis was conducted. The analysis provides valuable insights about agricultural change, water management policies and the alteration of LULC in the region, including several processes, changes in plants and irrigation levels, population density and gro
Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of autoimmune disease (AD) comorbidity on the risk and prognosis of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). Methods: We used data from a Swedish study comprising newly diagnosed cases of LADA (n=586, stratified into LADAlow and LADAhigh by autoantibody levels), type 2 diabetes (n=2003) and matched control participants (n=2355).
