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We introduce and discuss a connection between representations of a certain class of graded Lie algebras and representations of Jordan algebras. This connection is stimulating in both directions. On the one hand it allows to produce an unified point of view on ordinary and Jacobson representations of Jordan algebras and formulate a notion of a generalized representation of a Jordan algebra, which i
The short-term (i.e., days) and long-term (i.e., months) effects of adaptation to posturography examinations were investigated in 12 normal subjects who were repeatedly examined for five consecutive days and again after 90 days. The examinations were conducted both with eyes open and closed, and the perturbations were evoked by a pseudorandomly applied vibration stimulation to the calf muscles. Th
A detailed experimental investigation has been made of the pyrolysis-the first step in biomass combustion-of single birchwood particles. In addition to mass spectrometric and gravimetric analysis, the pyrolysis volatiles were characterized by different optical techniques. Absorption measurements showed a nearly featureless absorption in the ultraviolet spectral region with a continuously stronger
For the first time, ortho- and meta-halo-substituted anilines were successfully condensed with formaldehyde to dihalo-substituted analogues of Trögers base. By using paraformaldehyde and TFA, yields of 2-85% of these potential supramolecular building blocks were obtained. Even the inconceivable achievement of condensing anilines unsubstituted in para-position to analogues of Trögers base was succe
Fe-only hydrogenases are enzymes that catalyze dihydrogen production or oxidation, due to the presence of an unusual Fe6S6 cluster (the so-called H-cluster) in their active site, which is composed of a Fe2S2 subsite, directly involved in catalysis, and a classical Fe4S4 cubane cluster. Here, we present a hybrid quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) investigation of the Fe-only hydrog
Barley is an abundant crop in Europe, which makes its straw residues an interesting cellulose source for ethanol production. Steam pretreatment of the straw followed by enzymatic hydrolysis converts the cellulose to fermentable sugars. Prior to pretreatment the material is impregnated with a catalyst, for example, H2SO4, to enhance enzymatic digestibility of the pretreated straw. Different impregn
The aim was to investigate dimensions of caregiving activities among elderly (75+) caregivers based on Nolan's model and to study the dimensions in relation to health-related quality of life (Short Form 12). Responses to a Swedish postal survey (n = 4278, response rate 75-79 years old: 60%; 80-84: 56%; 85-89: 48% and 90+: 42%) showed that 783 persons (18%) were helping another person due to that p
In the work described in the present thesis, laser techniques for combustion engine diagnostics were developed and applied. The main techniques were laser-induced incandescence (LII) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), used for both flame and engine diagnostics. A novel technique was developed, one in which the relative fuel distribution, as measured by planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF),
After the discovery of graphene in 2004, a single layer of graphite, the assembly of 2D materials became a promising research area in solid state Physics. This thesis explores fabrication of 2D-heterostructures that aim to probe into graphene’s electronic structure with the Tunneling Field Effect Transistor (TFET). In the fabrication process, we used mechanical exfoliation to obtain monolayer gra
Purpose/Background: Utilizing proton therapy (PT) for treatment of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) has demonstrated favorable features, particularly a reduced dose to organs at risk (OAR) in comparison with photon radiotherapy. However, there is a coherent complexity with PT including its uncertainties, such as range-uncertainties and set-up variations as protons are highly sensitive to tissue density var
Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) is a crucial analytical tool employed by Novo Nordisk for the assessment of potential aggregation in active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) derived from peptides and protein biopharmaceuticals. This investigation focuses on SEC analyses conducted under denaturing conditions, utilizing Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HULK) adapted columns. Intrigui
The project’s purpose is based on how physics is applied in reality for flight safety, efficiency and sustainability purposes. The forecasting and verification of clear air turbulence(C.A.T.) is studied further to understand the demand of high-resolution forecasts by civilaviation. This was done by literature studies and interviews with pilots and meteorologists in Sweden. An alternative way of pr
In order to fully understand the underlying processes of catalysis, it is vital to combine measurements of the catalyst surface, where the reaction occurs, with measurements of the gas concentration close to the catalyst. We have developed a convenient setup, which uses a single laser system to visualise the gas surrounding a working catalyst in situ at realistic operating conditions. Planar Lase
The thesis aims to explore the customers' attitude and perception about trust between customers and hotels through the expression of trust of customers. Hotels nowadays interact and build relationships with customers frequently where there are many possible terms evoking expression of trust customers. In order to study the dynamic feature of trust, a qualitative approach is used. A netnographi
Emulsion is a novel technique to deliver fats and fat soluble compounds in food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic products. Different emulsifiers are often used to stabilize the emulsions. Chemically modified quinoa starch granule has taken research importance as an emulsifier in last decade. Chemically modified starch stabilized emulsions are now also been dehydrated to facilitate its use multidimens
The xantha phenotype of barley is observable as a yellow plant and caused by an inability to correctly synthesize chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a tetrapyrrolic pigment containing magnesium, and is integral for photosynthesis in plants. The phenotype can be caused by a number of mutations, and through methods like linkage mapping and sequencing it is possible to find the causative genotype. In this p
This thesis immerses into the debate on the demographic shift that, in past years, has been characterized by widely diverse opinions and standpoints. The unpredictable nature of the expected challenge has inspired this qualitative analysis to explore and question the proposed effects of an aging population. Furthermore, this literature review investigates the suggested strategies and means to mana
The Schwarzschild metric and the Kerr metric describe the gravitational fields around static and rotating black holes, respectively. Here, we derive the Kerr metric in a simpler way than how it was derived originally and determine the stability of the Schwarzschild metric. The Kerr metric was derived by using the Einstein-Hilbert action as well as directly from the Einstein field equations. In ord
