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Disease susceptibility mapping can produce risk maps showing predictive distribution of disease incidences. Hence, it is a useful tool for disease prevention. Data-driven approaches for disease susceptibility mapping model relationships and patterns from experience data. Therefore, using data-driven methods can facilitate a simple and direct approach towards disease susceptibility mapping. In th
Forest biomass acts as an important indicator of carbon resources in terrestrial system. Estimation of forest biomass enables a straightforward measurement of carbon storage and provides initial values for process-based carbon cycle models to simulate carbon dynamics. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) remote sensing is increasingly used to estimate forest biomass because of its ability to detect
The decreasing extent of the Arctic sea ice has opened up new areas in the High North for industrial and commercial activities. These areas contain large reserves of oil and gas, and the region is home to some of the world’s richest fishing grounds. The region is of key strategic importance, and maintaining a Norwegian presence in the Arctic areas is considered to be a national priority. A major r
Agriculture is an essential economic activity which sustains the livelihood of millions of people around the world. Maize is one of the most grown, consumed and traded cereals in the world mostly because of its adaptability to varied environmental conditions. Maize farming depends on climatic factors like temperature, rainfall and radiation to thrive but this also means that it is very susceptible
Ecosystem services have been widely discussed as of late, and more so than ever, has the topic of resilience and sustainable city planning taken an important role in the debate over how we can meet the present challenges concerning livable cities. The costs and the benefits of urban trees is an important factor in sustainable city planning and their consideration early in the planning stages canno
Active volcanoes threaten life around. In order to predict their eruptions earlier and mitigate their hazards, several variables must be observed and compared. Geographical information systems (GIS) combine different geospatial images from remote or local sensing. However, GIS often miss how maps change during the time. In this thesis Wisdom-volkano is presented, a web GIS based on open source sta
Estimation of GPP in Sudan using the evaporative fraction as water stress factor The Gross Primary Production "GPP" quantifies the amount of carbon entering an ecosystem. It is an ecosystem service since it is a source of energy for all organisms and it is estimated to reduce atmospheric CO2 in about 123 Pg C per year at the global scale. Therefore, the improvement of estimation methods
Introduction The aim of this study is to determine the locations for school construction in two isolated mountainous communities in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast (GBAO) – Khorog and Porshnev towns. In recent decades, this region has become increasingly vulnerable to natural disasters. A major contributing factor to this vulnerability is the fact that very little land is available for human se
This thesis focuses on predicting the usage efficiency of e-scooters through the application of a Spatio-Temporal Graph Neural Network (STGNN). The predictions made by the STGNN will be compared with classical machine learning (ML) methods, including Random Forest (RF), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Linear Regression (LR). To facilitate the prediction of usage efficiency, the Time to Bookin
Drought is projected to increase in frequency and intensity and impacts trees with increased water stress and increased mortality rate. Water stresses can cause hydraulic failure-related mortality or carbon starvation due to tree species having different strategies to deal with water stresses. LPJ-GUESS-HYD (Hydraulic implementation of a new plant hydraulics scheme in LPJ-GUESS) was developed to i
Dust storms are meteorological phenomena that occur in arid and semi-arid regions, causing harm to the environment and human health. The frequency and intensity of dust storms have increased in recent years due to climate change and human activities. In response, various dust storm mitigation strategies were introduced, including land use management, afforestation, and mulching. The existing resea
ABSTRACT Raising temperatures and climate variability have intensified extreme weather events worldwide. These extremes can enhance and trigger possible pest outbreaks. Bark beetle attacks have become a major concern in regions with extensive spruce forest areas. Southeastern Sweden has faced repeated outbreaks resulting in widespread tree loss. By observing historic climate data for the main coun
As CO2 builds up in the atmosphere causing global climate change (IPCC, 2022) trees have become an international symbol of combatting this, and for good reason. Trees take up CO2 which as a result combats these changes, and when these trees are cut down fewer individuals remain to take up the CO2 that we humans emit (Chapin et al., 2011). This means that clear-cut areas don’t act as the carbon sin
Warming in the Arctic occurs at a much higher rate than the global average, which has a considerable impact on the Arctic terrestrial carbon cycle. Permafrost thawing can release substantial amounts of carbon, whilst tundra shrubification and tree-line advance, on the other hand, may compensate for this. To gain a better understanding of the Arctic carbon cycle in the future, global dynamic vegeta
With the evolution of cartography from hand-drawn to digital maps, the task of icon placement has become increasingly complex. Nowadays there is a need to automate this process to produce high quality results in less time. This study aimed to optimize icon placement on city wayfinding maps, addressing challenges of placing icons in high-density areas and maintaining a strong association between ic
Integration management in Finland and Tampere is broad task including multiple actors and departments. To manage integration, is to coordinate the cross organizational cooperation of multiple service structures that support migrants with different kinds of services. Although integration work has traditionally been provided through the Employment & growth services,the other relevant services fo
The climate impact of food production plays a big part in the anthropogenic climate impact. Mitigation strategies from this sector are hence of great importance. One area which mainly has been used to calculate climate impact is albedo, the overall reflectance of incoming radiation in all directions. Albedo has been measured for a long time and is vital when calculating the energy balance of an a
Investigating the influence of the tidal regime on harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena distribution in Mount’s Bay, Cornwall Abstract Unintentional by-catch in fishing gear is a significant cause of mortality of harbour porpoises in UK waters. Understanding the spatial distribution of harbour porpoises at fine scales and how this changes over time is essential when trying to understand where thes
Streamflow analysis helps us understand the availability of water resources in a region or a river. Accurate and timely streamflow monitoring is essential to improve our understanding of the hydrological cycle. Streamflow information is also necessary for many applications, such as irrigation planning, watershed management, hydropower products, flood control, and integrated water resources managem
Spatial analysis is dependent on the geo-referencing quality of the spatial data, as well as on the definition of the geographic context variables used. However, these facts are rarely taken into consideration in historical demographic research where the geographic factor is considered. An important obstacle in this kind of research is the availability of historical data (spatial and non-spatial),
