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In this chapter, I examine the international law protecting the rights of indigenous peoples regarding the environment they inhabit during the aftermath of armed conflict (post-conflict) and how it sits with the larger framework of applicable law in post-conflict – the corpus of jus post bellum. I map out the legal landscape by looking at indigenous peoples’ rights in human rights law and internat
After a brief discussion on the varying nomenclature applied to the field, this article discusses the two basic orientations: academic and applied. From there, the discussion takes up the sprawling character of the field, underscoring that the field can be conceptually organized in a variety of ways. The main part of the discussion consists of a presentation of four major schools of thought. These
OBJECTIVE: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE). Whether functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), are associated with VTE has not been determined. This nationwide study aimed to determine the risk of VTE in IBS outpatients in primary and specialist care.DESIGN: We performed two matched case-control studies. Cases (n
Background: The dental characteristics of large plant-eating mammals, such as hypsodonty, quite accurately describe present and past climatic conditions worldwide. However, several peculiar regions give systematically higher predictions of primary productivity than the local average environmental conditions should support. We call these 'anomalies'. Anomalies are prominent in areas dominated by pa
In various environments new agents may base their decisions on observations of actions taken by a few other agents in the past. In this paper we analyze a broad class of such social learning processes, and study under what circumstances the initial behavior of the population has a lasting effect. Our results show that this question strongly depends on the expected number of actions observed by new
PurposeThe paper analyzes power effects of the strategy discourse to create a more profound understanding of how strategy seen as a discourse constitutes certain identities and practices among communication practitioners. The following two research questions has been posed to concretize the overall aim of the study: 1) What has the strategy discourse meant for practitioners understanding of themse
We perform a land-surface model intercomparison to investigate how the simulation of permafrost area on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) varies among six modern stand-alone land-surface models (CLM4.5, CoLM, ISBA, JULES, LPJ-GUESS, UVic). We also examine the variability in simulated permafrost area and distribution introduced by five different methods of diagnosing permafrost (from modeled monthly ground
BACKGROUND: Berry pomace is a valuable but little used by-product of juice manufacturing. When processed to a stable fruit powder, the composition differs from that of the whole fruit. To facilitate application in foods, a detailed knowledge of its composition and physicochemical properties is essential. RESULTS: Blackcurrant, redcurrant, chokeberry, rowanberry and gooseberry were selected for ana
OBJECTIVES: The predictive ability of the STarT Back Tool (SBT) has not yet been examined among acute/subacute back and/or neck pain in a primary care setting in respect to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and work ability outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the SBT's predictive validity for HRQoL and work ability outcomes at long-term follow-up in a population with acute/subacut
Varying processing conditions can strongly affect the microstructure of mayonnaise, opening up new applications for the creation of products tailored to meet different consumer preferences. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of emulsification intensity on sensory and instrumental characteristics of full-fat mayonnaise. Mayonnaise, based on a standard recipe, was processed at low and h
We show that the observer-backstepping technique applied to linear control object and combined with linear control system design gives rise to a non-standard composition of control object, observer and controller. The resultant system is characterized by a full-order observer and a reduced-order control system design which in its complexity does not go beyond the `relative degree' of the control o
In this thesis, the fluid dynamic properties of the conventional Rushton turbine and another impeller type, the Scaba Radial flow Gas dispersing Turbine (with six concave blades) are compared. For comparison, point-wise velocity measurements were made in the discharge of the two turbine types using Hot-Wire Anemometry in constant temperature mode (CTA) with a split film probe. For the time-average
Considerable economic as well as environmental benefits can be achieved when appropriate industrial waste management is implemented. The objective of this study was to find a method of organizing a waste management system and of obtaining an overview of the whole system. The method proposed emphasizes the optimization of waste management with regard to energy, economy and environmental impact in s
