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Popular Abstract in Swedish Vårt immunsystem är uppbyggt runt två typer av celler som har som uppgift att försvaraoss mot infektioner. T lymfocyterna står för det cellmedierade immunförsvaret som är speciellt viktigt för att bekämpa virusinfektioner med B lymfocyterna har som uppgift att producera antikroppar. Antikroppar finns i alla kroppsvätskor och kan interagera med toxiner, virus och bakteriEach immunoglobulin (Ig) V gene segment contains an upstream promoter region. The octamer element and the TATA box are the only elements that are conserved in all Ig promoters. The presence of the octamer element is necessary, but not sufficient to support high levels of transcription. Therefore, the activity of other co-stimulatory elements is required. This investigation has focused on the study

The recrystallization behavior of five starch materials, native waxy maize starch, and starches modified by acid hydrolysis and mechanical treatments, were investigated by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and electron microscopy (SEM). The starches were known to vary significantly in molecular weights but not in the degree of branching. Microspheres manufactured from one of these starches w

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In the present project, a new experimental method enabling Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) measurements in bubbly gas-liquid flows is presented. Due to reflection and refraction of the laser light, the bubbles will cause an uneven and unknown distribution of light intensity in the measurement plane. Introducing a tracer as a “reference” tracer with a known concentration, this can be compe

Popular Abstract in Swedish Prostatacancer är idag den vanligaste sjukdomen hos män, och är den cancer form som leder till flest dödsfall bland män i Sverige (av de män som får diagnosen avlider 35% på grund av sjukdomen). Det har visats att risken att utveckla prostatacancer påverkas av ålder, etnicitet och diet (bla asiatisk mat och tomater verkar ha skyddande effekt), men också av genetiska fakProstate-specific antigen (PSA) is a worldwide used tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer. It is a serine protease and belongs to the family of glandular kallikreins. Humans have three classical glandular kallikreins, but it has been reported that rodents have many more. Lately, the family has been expanded to contain 12 new genes, KLK4–KLK15, that are situated at the same locus

The electronic structure of the cuprate superconductors Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8) and Bi(2)Sr(2)CuO(6) and the bismuthate superconductor Ba(0.6)K(0.4)BiO(3), as well as semiconducting Ba(0.9)K(0.1)BiO(3), have been studied by electron spectroscopy techniques. The intention has been to investigate fundamental properties of the metallic state such as the importance of strong electron correlations. In ad

Popular Abstract in Swedish Kärnmagnetisk resonans (NMR) har använts för att studera proteiner i vattenlösning. Metoden studerar hur signalen från vatten återgår till jämvikt efter att ha störts från jämvikt med antingen en radiofrekvent puls eller genom en kraftig ändring av magnetfält. Återgången kallas på fackspråk för relaxation och hänger samman med molekylernas rörelse. Kopplingen till molekMagnetic relaxation dispersion measurements have been performed on aqueous protein solutions to study the dynamics of waters in the proton transport channel of bacteriorhodopsin and the self-association of the proteins BPTI, lysozyme and beta-lactoglobulin. The measurements have focused on the bulk relaxation rates, R1 and R2, of three water nuclei 1H, 2H and 17O that are coupled to the protein en

Photobiology -- the science of light and life -- begins with basic principles and the physics of light and continues with general photobiological research methods, such as generation of light, measurement of light, and action spectroscopy. In an interdisciplinary way, it then treats how organisms tune their pigments and structures to the wavelength components of light, and how light is registered

The question at stake is to what extent could the Hungarian intelligentsia, here foremost represented by the author and political thinker József Eötvös, in the beginning of the 19th century, take in the ideas of the Enlightment and its notion of equality. By studying Eötvös' highly political novel "Village Notary" some conclusions are made regarding how Rousseau's political philosophy was understo

Popular Abstract in Swedish Syftet med denna avhandling är att studera den vanligaste behandlingskomplikationen vid blödarsjuka, antikroppsbildning, samt att studera sambandet mellan genen som orsakar sjukdom och det protein som denna gen kodar för. Det övergripande syftet är att forskningsresultaten ska kunna användas för att förbättra vården för familjer med blödarsjuka (hemofili). Resultaten vThe general objective of the research underlying this dissertation was to conduct clinical and basic scientific studies to further elucidate the hemophilia and the coagulation process, with the goal of improving the care of families with these disorders. More specific aims were to evaluate epidemiological, genetic, clinical, and biochemical aspects of the development of inhibitors (antibodies) aga

Abstract in UndeterminedThe make-or-buy decision is analyzed in a simple framework combining contractual incompleteness with the existence of an imperfect but contractible performance measure. Contractual incompleteness gives rise to two regimes, identified with make and buy. The performance measure on which comprehensive contracts can be written is imperfect in the sense of being subject to manip

The two major breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, account for the majority of familial breast–ovarian cancer, but only a modest proportion of breast cancer families without ovarian or male breast cancer. Search for additional breast cancer genes with traditional linkage analysis has so far been unsuccessful, probably due to genetic heterogeneity. Pooling of families of different e

Restriction Endonuclease Analysis (REA) was used to characterize strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lb. pentosus, and Lb. reuteri. This method was shown to be a powerful tool for separation at the species and strain level. RAPD analysis of raw cell abstracts was used to characterize strains of Lb. plantarum. This method was shown to be useful for separation of most strains, and the results were o

Engagement in foreign markets can have an impact on firm organization and on the type of occupations that a firm needs. We examine the effect of globalization on the occupational mix using detailed Swedish data that cover all firms and a representative sample of the labor force for 1997-2005. We find a robust relationship between a firm’s degree of international integration and its occupational mi

uses a microporous membrane operated in cross-flow. The continuous phase is pumped along the membrane and sweeps away dispersed phase droplets forming from pore openings as shown in Figure 1. The key feature of the membrane emulsification process, which sets it apart from conventional emulsification technologies, is that the size distribution of the resulting droplets is primarily governed by the

We study ways to expedite Yates's algorithm for computing the zeta and Moebius transforms of a function defined on the subset lattice. We develop a trimmed variant of Moebius inversion that proceeds point by point, finishing the calculation at a subset before considering its supersets. For an n-element universe U and a family F of its subsets, trimmed Moebius inversion allows us to compute the num