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Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is expressed throughout the CNS and peripheral nervous system, consistent with control of vasodilatation, nociception, motor function, secretion and olfaction. alphaCGRP is prominently localized in primary afferent C and Adelta fibres of spinal and trigeminal ganglia. Activation of the trigeminal nerve results in antidromic release of CGRP, acting through a C
A tabletop high-brightness line-emitting laser-plasma soft xray source utilizing single microscopic droplets as target is shown to produce several orders of magnitude less debris than conventional-target sources. Quantitative measurements of debris deposition rates and x-ray flux, at different directions around the droplet plasma are presented. With ethanol droplets and a. 10 Hz. 70 mJ/pulse laser
The astronomical observations and calculations made at the lunar eclipse of 18 November 1584 in Mexico are analyzed with emphasis on the methods and calculations used. The observations were intended to determine the geographical longitude difference between Mexico City and Seville in Spain but due to several errors, the most important one being using the wrong time for the end of the eclipse in Se
We analyze and compare the structure of two tables, the tables of al-Khwārizmī and George Peurbach’s Tabulae Eclypsium, looking at the syzygy angular velocities of the Sun and the Moon and the angular radii of the Sun, the Moon and the lunar eclipse umbra. We show that part of the underlying structure has a mediaeval Indian origin. Finally, we compare recomputed tables with Peurbach’s tables.
We consider a nearest-neighbor stochastic process on a rooted tree G which goes toward the root with probability 1 − ε when it visits a vertex for the first time. At all other times it behaves like a simple random walk on G. We show that for all ε ≥ 0 this process is transient. Also we consider a generalization of this process and establish its transience in some cases.
A standardized personal interview schedule was used to study occupational exposure to organic solvents among 25 men aged 20-65 a with Hodgkin's disease and 50 referents matched for sex, age and residence. When exposure was defined as the handling of organic solvents every workday for at least 1 a within the 10-a period immediately preceding the interview, 12 of the Hodgkin's disease patients (48%)
An occupational history of exposure to organic solvents, defined as daily occupational exposure for at least one year, was more common among 167 men with newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma than among 130 healthy referents from the general population (38 versus 14%). Categorization in five-year age groups gave 3.3 as a Mantel-Haenszel estimate of the odds ratio (95% CI 1.9-5.8). The odds ratio
The maximum likelihood principle of estimation applied to the linear black-box identification problem gives models with theoretically attractive properties. Also, the method has been applied to industrial data (various processes in paper production) and proved able to work in practice.This paper presents further developments of the method in the case of a single output. The reliability and speed o
Nonresonant ac Stark shifts of Rydberg states in Xe have been investigated by probing an atomic transition with a weak UV light in the presence of an intense YAG-laser pulse. Rydberg atoms produced through two-photon excitation, 5p → np (n = 15-48) and 5p → nf (n = 12-49), are subsequently ionized. IR-laser-induced shifts of the resonant ionization profiles are then measured. The measured shift, 3
The energies of the np[1/2]o, np[3/2]2, np[5/212, nf[3/2] 2, and nf[5/2]2 Rydberg states in Xe are measured within +0.3/-0.5 cm-1 from n = 12 to n = 49. The Rydberg states are excited by nonresonant two-photon absorption and detected by dc field ionization or infrared photoionization. We determine the ionization limit and the quantum defects for the different series involved.
This paper deals with the distinction between law and fact. In the article ‘The myth of the law-fact distinction’ (Allen and Pardo, 2003a), Ronald Allen and Michael Pardo argue that there is no ontological, epistemological or analytical distinction between law and fact. Instead, they claim that the distinction ought to be understood pragmatically, by considering whether the judge or jury is in the
