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Carotenoids are one of the most widespread and important group of pigments in Nature and they can act as light-harvesting agents, photoprotectors and antioxidants. Mechanisms of their multiple functions are not fully understood mainly because their complicated photophysics involving ?dark? excited states. The central theme of this thesis is characterization of the lowest dark S1 state of carotenoi

The degradation of different polyethylenes, LDPE, LLDPE, and HDPE, with and without antioxidants and at different oxygen concentrations in the polymer granulates have been studied in extrusion coating processing. The degradation was followed by On Line Rheometry, Size Exclusion Chromatography, Surface Oxidation Index measurements, and GC-MS Chromatography. The degradations starts in the extruder w

Several cell types and nerve tissue have been studied using a combination of microcalorimetry and other methods. The heat production rate and its pH dependence of normal and transformed 3T3 cells were studied. The transformed cells manifested a higher heat production rate and a larger anaerobic contribution to the total catabolism than did the non-transformed cells. Moreover, the transformed cell

Abstract is not available

Popular Abstract in Swedish Under de senaste tjugo åren har omfattande arbete och resurser lagts ner på basforskning inom termokemisk omvandling av alternativa bränslen och dess tillämpningsområden. De termokemiska omvandlingsprocesserna här avser närmast s k pyrolys- och förgasning-processer vilka till stor del är baserade på teknik hämtad från kolforskningen. Idag görs försök att finna vägar attDuring the past twenty years, considerable efforts have been invested in fundamental research on the thermochemical conversion of alternative solid fuels and on its areas of application. Today, the attempt is being made to develop processes for upgrading those fuels to become easy accessible energy sources of high efficiency. The thesis concerns thermochemical means for utilizing biomass. Light i

Are people strategically ignorant of the negative externalities their activities cause the environment? Herein we examine if people avoid costless information on those externalities and use ignorance as an excuse to reduce pro-environmental behavior. We develop a theoretical framework in which people feel internal pressure (“guilt”) from causing harm to the environment (e.g., emitting carbon dioxi

Popular Abstract in Swedish Organiska syraanhydrider (OSA) är reaktiva kemikalier med låg molekylvikt som används industriellt vid produktion av olika plaster, främst så kallade polyestrar och epoxiplaster. Där används de bland annat för att tvärbinda polymerer, det vill säga molekyler bestående av långa kedjor där små enheter av samma struktur upprepas. Det har visat sig att personer som exponeraOrganic acid anhydrides (OAAs) are low molecular weight chemicals used in the industry for manufacturing of plastics such as epoxy resins. Exposure to these chemicals may lead to symptoms from the eyes and the respiratory tract in form of conjunctivitis, rhinitis and asthma. In many workers production of specific IgE antibodies are induced suggesting that a type-1 allergy mediated mechanism is inv

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In this paper, a passively clamped quasi-resonant DC link converter is analysed, implemented and evaluated in a battery charger application. Design expressions for selection of passive component values, based mainly on the specified maximum output voltage derivative and the duration of the zero voltage interval, are given. Design of the inductive components and selection of appropriate power semic

The people bordering the Arabian Gulf, the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea rely more and more on seawater desalination for safe water supply. Desalination has advantages and disadvantages which to a large extent depend on the region, location, technology, impact and amount of fresh water production. In this region, some 60% of all desalination capacity is installed. The three regions areas repre

Popular Abstract in Swedish Fysiologiska och kliniska aspekter på förändrad kapillärpermeabilitet Graden av genomsläpplighet (permeabilitet) i de minsta blodkärlen (kapillärerna), där utbytet av näringsämnen och slaggprodukter sker, är avgörande för att kroppens celler skall fungera. I den svåraste fasen av sjukdomar såsom blodförgiftning (sepsis) och efter trauma är permeabiliteten ökad varvid plMicrovascular permeability is important for exchange of fluids and proteins in health and in disease. Permeability increases in critical illness, such as during sepsis/SIRS and after trauma, and may be affected by drugs. Increased permeability causes oedema and hypovolaemia. Hypovolaemia is treated with fluids, and their efficacy is determined by their intravascular retention, also influenced by t

Finite quantal systems at high angular momenta may exhibit vortex formation and localization. These phenomena occur independent of the statistics of the repulsively interacting particles, which may be of bosonic or fermionic nature. We analyze the relation between vortex localization and formation of stable Wigner molecules at high angular momenta in the view of particle-hole duality. Trial wave f

The present studies included 362 consecutive patients and 147 healthy controls and were conducted to provide a rational basis for treatment and future research. The major lesion was a focal non-inflammatory tendon degeneration (tendinosis). Twenty per cent of the cases were complicated by a secondary partial rupture. The paratenon was normal. A study of tendon blood flow using laser Doppler flow

This article traces the development of art cinema in Britain and particularly the role played by film director Lindsay Anderson.

Popular Abstract in Swedish Tunna skikt av olika material har en framträdande roll inom både vetenskap och teknik idag. Det bakomliggande intresset för denna typ av ytbeläggningar är främst möjligheten att kombinera egenskaper hos de tunna filmerna med övriga egenskaper från det underliggande materialet för att därigenom erhålla förbättrade kemiska, mekaniska eller elektriska egenskaper. DärutöverAtomic layer deposition (ALD) is a thin-film manufacturing process in which the growth surface is exposed to non-overlapping alternating injections of gas-phase chemical precursor species separated by intermediate purge periods to prevent gas-phase reactions. ALD is characterized by sequential self-terminating heterogeneous reactions between highly reactive gas-phase precursor species and surface-

In 1986, Thames Television broadcast a series of programmes on British cinema. In one of them, dedicated to the Free Cinema documentary movement of the 1950s, and the new wave of films it triggered in Britain in the 1960s, 70s, and 80s (particularly Anderson’s own), Lindsay Anderson took the opportunity to ridicule the prominent box office and Academy Award success of Chariots of Fire, which premi