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A stochastic model based on a probability density function (PDF) approach was developed for the investigation of spark ignition (SI) engine knock conditions. The model is based on a two zone model, where the burned and unburned gases are described as stochastic reactors, and the movement of the turbulent flame front is expressed with a Wiebe function. Using a stochastic particle ensemble to repres

This chapter describes tonal features of Halh Mongolian. Mongolian belongs to edge-prominence languages: Halh speakers either use available boundary tones or insert a tonal boundary for different pragmatic meanings. Most tonal variation occurs utterance finally, while phrasing and focusing are signaled phrase initially at the left edge of prosodic units.

Popular Abstract in Swedish Hur gick det till när 1900-talets industrialiserade landsbygd omvandlades? Hur påverkades människors vardag av denna utveckling och hur knöts lokala händelser ihop med industrisamhällets omvälvande historia? Dessa frågor diskuteras i denna studie av det småländska brukssamhället Böksholm. I centrum står relationen mellan de dominerande folkrörelserna och ledningen för BThe aim of this dissertation is to study some of the forces behind the transformation of the 20th century industrialised countryside. The emphasis is on changes in everyday life for women and men, and the role of organisations therein. Two main questions are outlined: Which forces were central to the development of the industrial society?, and, how did the relationship between individual and socie

Ultrashort, coherent light pulses in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) wavelength region are excellent tools for a wide range of experiments. These XUV pulses are in particular used to characterize electron dynamics. Additionally, the high photon energy enables quantum control of short-lived transitions in atoms. These transitions are of interest for ultrafast quantum control as the bandwidth of the c

Postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses to variously processed red kidney beans were evaluated in normal subjects. The dried seeds were (a) boiled; (b) autoclaved; (c) boiled, freeze-dried, and milled to obtain a precooked flour (PCF) rich in cell-enclosed starch; or (d) milled, steam-cooked, and freezedried to yield a flour containing free starch (FSF). All bean products elicited lower me

Measured with an enzymic method, the starch content of a raw red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) flour (RBF) was higher than that of a cooked and blended (CBB) and of a cooked, freeze-dried, and milled (CBF) preparation of the seeds. Wet homogenization as well as pepsin pretreatment of CBF increased the starch yield, indicating that starch in the cooked samples is not completely available to enzy

Dried lentils (Lens culinaris) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, black, brown, white, and red) were boiled until soft, freeze-dried, and milled. This procedure yielded precooked flours (PCF), rich in intact cells filled with starch granules. Starch content in the various bean PCFs was underestimated by enzymic assays. Potentially available starch in PCFs was evaluated after complete release of starch

The last decades have seen a noticeable increase in cognitive science studies that have changed the understanding of human thinking. Its relevance for historical research cannot be overlooked any more. Cognitive history could be explained as the study of how humans in history used their cognitive abilities in order to understand the world around them and to orient themselves in it, but also how th

Euclid completed his geometrical proofs in the Elements (c. 300BC) with the abbreviation “QED” (quod erat demonstrandum). This phrase was not only used in mathematics in the early modern period, but also in deductive proofs in physics, astronomy, philosophy, and ethics. This chapter is a cognitive- historical interpretation of the axiomatic-deductive ideal that consists of some widely accepted pro

Land-use change is a major driver of biodiversity loss worldwide. Although biodiversity often shows a delayed response to land-use change, previous studies have typically focused on a narrow range of current landscape factors and have largely ignored the role of land-use history in shaping plant and animal communities and their functional characteristics. Here, we used a unique database of 220,000

In recent years the availability of digital reproductions of present and past images has increased significantly, in many ways facilitating teaching in art history. Students of art history of today live in a society dominated by visual media and are supposed to be particularly adept to communicate through digital media. This seems as an ideal situation for teaching art history, and the use of draw

This essay examines the aesthetics and rhetoric through which popular science delivers the message of brain-mind conflation—‘You are your brain’. Noting the entwinement of realist and imaginary visual tropes in popular scientific presentations of brain imaging, author seeks a correlative ‘counter-text’ to this discourse in one of the classic texts in psychiatric history, the memoirs of the paranoi