Filetype
Background: The GOLD classification of COPD severity introduces a stage 0 ( at risk) comprising individuals with productive cough and normal lung function. The aims of this study were to investigate total mortality risks in GOLD stages 0 - 4 with special focus on stage 0, and furthermore to assess the influence of symptoms of chronic bronchitis on mortality risks in GOLD stages 1 - 4. Method: Betw
In this paper we use coding theory to give simple explanations of some recent results on universal hashing. We first apply our approach to give a precise and elegant analysis of the Wegman-Carter construction for authentication codes. Using Reed-Solomon codes and the well known concept of concatenated codes we can then give some new constructions, which require much less key size than previously k
Our knowledge of neuroprotective factors important for the adult enteric nervous system is poor. Changes in expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) in enteric neurons in response to neuronal injury or colchicine treatment, as well as in intestinal adaptation, have been described. Cultured myenteric neurons increase their expressi
The novel promoter system IX/AgOTf (X = Cl or Br) has been evaluated in the synthesis of two bislactam analogues of GD3. We have carried out two high-yielding galactosylations in 97% and 98% yield, respectively, using ICl/AgOTf, and four sialylations in 93%, 59%, 40%, and 44% yield, using IBr/AgOTf, The choice of interhalogen (IX) is determined by the donor type used in the glycosylation. We also
Because of the high temperature applied in the steam pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials, different types of inhibiting degradation products of saccharides and lignin, such as acetic acid and furfural, are formed. The main objective of the present study was to examine the effect of acetic acid and furfural on the cellulase production of a filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei RUT C30, which
In order to obtain information on genes specifically expressed in the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, 3,555 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were analyzed from a cDNA library constructed from ectomycorrhiza formed between the basidiomycete Paxillus involutus and birch (Betula pendula). cDNA libraries from saprophytically growing fungus (3,964 ESTs) and from axenic plants (2,532 ESTs) were analyzed in par
Epoxy alkylstearates were synthesized by lipase catalysed esterification and perhydrolysis followed by epoxidation of oleic acid in a one-pot process. Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase (Novozym 435) was used as the catalyst. The esterification reaction occurred relatively quickly and was followed by epoxidation of the alkyl ester and the remaining fatty acid. Higher degree of esterification wa
Protein levels, mRNA expression, and localization of laminin alpha1 and alpha2 chains in development and in adult mice were examined. Recombinant fragments were used to obtain high-titer-specific polyclonal antibodies for establishing quantitative radioimmuno-inhibition assays. This often demonstrated an abundance of alpha2 chain, but also distinct amounts of alpha1 chain for adult tissues. The hi
Concentrations of ara-CTP in leukemic cells isolated from CSF and of ara-C in lumbar CSF were measured following intraventricular ara-C administration in two girls with refractory meningeal leukemia. CSF samples were collected with a permanent intrathecal-lumbar catheter. In contrast to the comparatively short retention of ara-C in the CSF (t1/2 1.8 to 2.9 hours), there was a high accumulation and
Retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) are self-renewing cells capable of differentiating into the different retinal cell types including photoreceptors, and they have shown promise as a source of replacement cells in experimental models of retinal degeneration. We hypothesized that a biodegradable polymer scaffold could deliver these cells to the subretinal space in a more organized manner than bolus in
We investigated the effect of collimator selection on image quality in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies of the brain performed with 99Tc(m)-HMPAO. A triple-headed SPET system (GE/CGR Neurocam) was used, together with three sets of parallel-hole collimators - general-purpose (GP), high-resolution (HR) and ultra-high-resolution (UHR). Two image quality parameters were used to describe the
Small oligomers formed early in the process of amyloid fibril formation may be the major toxic species in Alzheimer's disease. We investigate the early stages of amyloid aggregation for the tau fragment AcPHF6 (Ac-VQIVYK-NH2) using an implicit solvent all-atom model and extensive Monte Carlo simulations of 12, 24, and 36 chains. A variety of small metastable aggregates form and dissolve until an a
Earning conference calls is an important communication tool for companies to provide relevant information about the latest quarter based on the reported earnings. However, the research on the impact of the earning conference calls has for long been a relatively unexplored subject. This study was born out of the ambition to try and expand the research done on earnings conference calls and the possi
The purpose of this paper is to investigate one of the seven characteristics proposed by Northcott and Alkaraan (2007): the characteristic of non-programmability. This paper responds to the call for a nuanced understanding of how companies are programming strategic investment decisions (Alkaraan, 2016, p. 520). The purpose is fulfilled by conducting multiple case studies. The data collection metho
Denna uppsats undersöker vilka motiv som präglar memes relaterade till vaccinationsdebatten inom kontexten covid-19. De två grupperna i debatten, anti-vaxxers som är emot vaccin respektive pro-vaxxers som är för vaccin, analyseras utifrån ett urval av fem memes tillhörande varje grupp. Metoden för analysen är en kvalitativ innehållsanalys som kompletterats med begrepp från Kenneth Burkes pentad vi
A growing environmental issue today is the amount plastic pollution in the ocean. To investigate how it might affect marine life, an important aspect is to study how plastics are transported by ocean currents and where it ends up. This can be done by use of Lagrangian simulation of plastic particles in computer ocean models. To improve the quality of the output from such simulations the number of
This dissertation aims to understand the phenomena of informal settlements and internal migration within the context of urban spaces in Mali. The design of the study is a qualitative case design using critical realism as a philosophical approach. Methods used are coding and memoing in accordance with a transcendental realism framework for qualitative research. The study found that there has been a
Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT) and microcredits are popular within the development community as poverty reduction instruments. Amartya Sen has proposed a holistic approach to development, poverty and inequality that does not see an increase in income as the aim of development. For this author, interpersonal inequality matters for the prospects to live a valuable life. Moreover, the concept of ha
This essay examines how the characters experience a sense of place in two of Katherine Mansfield’s modernist short stories, “Prelude” (1918) and “Bliss” (1918). Geographers have during the past century developed and problematized the relation between space, place, and human beings. The concepts of space and place are means for us to better understand our place in the world by relating ourselves to
