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We have grown highly crystalline beta-FeSe type iron chalcogenide nanowires (NWs) by annealing thin film that is prepared by a pulsed laser deposition method. Three kinds of NWs with compositions of Fe0.8Se, Fe0.88Se0.32Te0.68 and Fe0.88Te0.91S0.09 have been prepared and carefully characterized by a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The NWs reveal ideal tetragonal structure

Fish, which are generally visual foragers, experiences reduced reaction distance in visually degraded environments, which has consequences for encounter rates with prey. Small prey is detected at shorter distances than larger prey, and piscivores are therefore predicted to be more strongly affected by visual degradation. In experiments, roach (Rutilus rutilus) were fed two plankton prey types and

During severe storms, high waves and water levels can reach the subaerial portion of the beach and cause significant morphological change at elevations where the waves cannot reach under typical sea conditions. Coastal dunes may suffer direct wave impact and erode, increasing the likelihood of overwash and breaching, potentially flooding low-lying areas behind the dunes. Barrier islands are also v

Background: High activity of cysteine proteases such as legumain and the cathepsins have been shown to facilitate growth and invasion of a variety of tumor types. In breast cancer, several recent studies have indicated that loss of the cysteine protease inhibitor cystatin E/M leads to increased growth and metastasis. Although cystatin E/M is normally expressed in the skin, its role in cysteine pro

The effects of varying the cationic sequence of oligotryptophan-tagged antimicrobial peptides were investigated in terms of peptide adsorption to model lipid membranes, liposome leakage induction, and antibacterial potency. Heptamers of lysine (K7) and arginine (R7) were lytic against Escherichia coli bacteria at low ionic strength. In parallel, both peptides adsorbed on to bilayers formed by E. c

Probing molecules using perdeuteration (i.e deuteration in which all hydrogen atoms are replaced by deuterium) is extremely useful in a wide range of biophysical techniques. In the case of lipids, the synthesis of the biologically relevant unsaturated perdeuterated lipids is challenging and not usually pursued. In this work, perdeuterated phospholipids and sterols from the yeast Pichia pastoris gr

OBJECTIVES: Between 1984 and 1996, Sweden experienced an "epidemic" of clinical celiac disease in children <2 years of age, attributed partly to changes in infant feeding. Whether infant feeding affects disease occurrence and/or the clinical presentation remains unknown. We investigated and compared the total prevalence of celiac disease in 2 birth cohorts of 12-year-olds and related the findings

An investigation of the spray drying process is made in great detail regarding particle formation and capture efficiency with focus on the production of inhalable particles. Mannitol was spray dried as model substance and the spray-dried products were characterized. The resulting products consisted of smooth spheres with a volume median diameter of 2.2-5.5 mum, and narrow size distributions. The i

Dispersal is of prime importance for many evolutionary processes and has been studied for decades. The reproductive consequences of dispersal have proven difficult to study, simply because it is difficult to keep track of dispersing individuals. In most previous studies evaluating the fitness effects of dispersal, immigrants at a study locality have been lumped into one category and compared to ph

Although the Mongolic language group consists of ten rather closely related languages, there is no consensus in the literature about the classification of the languages into subgroups. One reason for this is the occurrence of more or less independent phonological innovations which are difficult to order in time and which may have spread geographically rather than genetically. All Mongolic language

The fouling tendency, due to adsorption on the pore walls, of two pairs of modified and unmodified ultrafiltration membranes, with similar observed retentions determined by dextran and gel permeation chromatography, was studied. The membranes investigated were made of modified and unmodified polyaramide (PA) and modified and unmodified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The PVDF membrane was surface-

The use of grey-scale ultrasound morphology to characterize a pelvic mass may also be called ‘pattern recognition’. The grey-scale ultrasound image provides us with the same information as that obtained by the surgeon or pathologist when he or she cuts a surgical specimen to see what it looks like inside. Many pelvic masses have such a typical macroscopic appearance that a fairly confident diagnos

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine/threonine kinases, which are subgrouped into classical (a, bI, bII, g), novel (d, e, h, q) and atypical (z, i/l) isoforms. One major aim of this thesis work was to investigate if altered levels of PKC isoforms influence the apoptotic responses of malignant cell-lines. We show that overexpression of PKCd or PKCq renders SK-N-BE(2) neuroblastoma cells sen

Wavelet analysis was used to calculate turbulence and mean velocity levels for LDV measurements made in a four valve spark ignition engine. Five different camshafts were tested, and they produce significantly different flow behaviour. The standard cam gives tumble and with valve deactivation, swirl is produced. One camshaft with early inlet valve closing and two camshafts with late inlet valve clo

We present the joint maximum likelihood (ML) symbol-time and carrier-frequency offset estimator in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Redundant information contained within the cyclic prefix enables this estimation without additional pilots. Simulations show that the frequency estimator may be used in a tracking mode and the time estimator in an acquisition mode.

I examined production of, and emergence from, diapausing eggs, together with planktonic dynamics of three cladoceran genera (Bosmina, Ceriodaphnia, and Daphnia) for 16 months in a shallow lake. In a complementary field experiment I manipulated environmental variables potentially important as cues for induction and termination of diapause. Ceriodaphnia and Daphnia, but not Bosmina, were dependent o