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Interactions between light and matter is one way to study both particles whose small spatial sizes render them irresolvable to our eyes and events where the characteristic time scale is too short for conventional recording and measurement techniques. The advent of free electron lasers allow laser pulses of high intensity and small temporal duration such that ultra-fast dynamics in matter systems a
Detection and extraction of vibrating objects and their frequencies can be critical in monitoring and maintenance of mechanical tools and machines. This often involves multiple contact-based equipment that require manual tampering and calibration. However, due to the availability of low-cost and low-energy consumption radars, a novel way of extracting positioning and frequency content of one or mu
Nesting phenology in birds has been studied for decades and two different breeding strategies have been identified, income and capital breeding. The nesting behaviour and the breeding strategies of 131 females were studied from three species, the Common eider (Somateria mollissima) (n = 65), known to be a capital breeder and two species the Velvet scoter (Melanitta fusca) (n = 48) and the Red-brea
Introduction: Asthma, a heterogenous respiratory disease that affects 300 million people, is characterized by coughing, chest tightness, airway inflammation, and shortening of breath. Asthma exacerbations are commonly triggered by viral infection, such as rhinovirus infection. Respiratory viral infections primarily target the epithelium resulting in the release of alarmins and proinflammatory cyto
Land-use change is one of the main drivers of pollinator declines. However, studies on land-use changes in forest landscapes and their effects on pollinators are underrepresented. Canopy openings with flowering resources and old-growth forest structures can provide sufficient habitats for pollinating insects such as bees (Apiformes) and longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae). However, managed forests are
In this study, the lanthanide complexes Sm(HMDS)2 (1), Yb(HMDS)2 (2), Sm(Cp*)2 (3), and Yb(Cp*)2 (4) were synthesized, and a new polymorph of 2 was identified via single- crystal X-ray diffraction (sc-XRD). Additionally, the previously unreported Yb(III) compound [YbI2(OPPh3)4]I was discovered as a probable disproportionation product of YbI2(OPPh3)4 and characterized via 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy a
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are increasingly used for predictive tasks on data where relationships between entities are best represented as graphs. Much work has been done to improve GNN architectures, but how the ac- tual data graph should be designed is not well studied. In this Master’s Thesis, we investigate how different graph representations, specifically node classification and link predic
This thesis explores how women’s homelessness is framed in policy documents from England (2022) and the United Nations (2023), using Social Determinants of Health (SDH) and feminist policy analysis as interpretive lenses. Through a comparative document analysis and application of Bacchi’s What’ s the Problem Represented to Be? (WPR) approach, the research identifies key similarities and difference
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how the overall sentiment results from VADER and a pre-trained RoBERTa model differ. The study investigates potential differences in terms of the median and shape of the two distributions. Data: The sustainability reports of 50 independent random companies are selected as the sample. The number of non-responses is 6, which means that the reports of
Even though the first coronavirus pandemic was registered in 1965, SARS-CoV-2 was better acknowledged when it caused the worldwide pandemic in 2019 in which millions of individuals lost their lives. Due to its facile way of spreading from one individual to another, the number of infected cases has gone up to more than 750 million to this day. DENV is a very dangerous virus due to its asymptomatic
During the production of Tetra Pak’s packaging material, holes are cut for straws and caps, generating paperboard scraps known as confetti. These scraps must be removed from the machinery to prevent build-up and potential blockages. To design efficient extraction systems, experiments and simulations are employed to understand the phenomena of confetti transport. Confetti are introduced into a simp
Uganda’s higher education system has come under pressure in the past few years. Liberalisation of the education sector attracted numerous private players into higher education provision, and making it commercialised. This has promoted that focus is shifted to the profit motive away from the primary purpose of students attaining gainful employment upon graduation. The research seeks to emphasise th
Digital integrated circuits are fundamental to modern electronic devices, with increasing design complexity requiring robust verification methods to ensure error free functionality. This thesis examines the critical role of formal verification in digital Integrated Circuits (IC) design, particularly during the architecture modeling phase. Using a state machine module that controls clock frequency
During the turbulent times surrounding the independence of East Timor the writer of this thesis was working in Jakarta with the United Nations High Commissioner for refugees. It was in this position the writer got the idea to study the transformation of East Timor from an occupied territory within the Republic of Indonesia to an independent state, and what the main reasons were for this change to
The United Nations (UN) sanctions regime was developed during the 1990's as an instrument to induce compliance with Security Council (SC) resolutions. The use of more comprehensive sanctions was criticised since it resulted in collateral damage including humanitarian distress. This brought Members of the UN to convene seminars where UN staff, academics and experts discussed how the sanctions r
Socio-economic rights have been described as the ''underdeveloped stepchild of the human rights family''. There has been a tendency to treat them as merely aspirational and it is frequently argued that they may not deserve the name of rights as they lack content and are considered ill-suited for enforcement. Owing to this, and because of the fact that their enjoyment has by their v
The age structure and its impact on economic growth is a current issue that concerns all countries in the world. For Sri Lanka, the issue lies within an ageing population and the economic implications of the growing share of elderly. Thus, this paper strives to investigate how the age structure in Sri Lanka affects the economic growth, mainly looking at the ageing population. A time series regress
Global pollinator populations are declining. One of the causes is land use change, which results in reduced flower resources in the landscape. Bumblebees have small stores of nectar and pollen and are therefore vulnerable to loss of flower resources. I test if forbs plantings, which enhance forage resources, can support colony development and reproductive success of bumblebee colonies in Californi
Estonia is facing a challenging security situation, given the broad spectrum of threats and its historical and geopolitical ties to Russia. With that in mind, this qualitative case study aims at providing an overview of Estonia’s security by establishing the similarities and differences between internal and external perceptions and applying role theory to the findings. The empirical data, gathered
The purpose of this study is to examine the complicated process of re-integrating ex-combatants back into a post-conflict society following their dismissal from the army. To do so, the study explores the relationship between Disarmament, Demobilization and Re-Integration (DDR), and the fields of Transitional Justice and Trauma Theory, in order to develop a more holistic theoretical framework for r
