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Popular Abstract in Swedish Åderförkalkning, den i folkmun använda benämningen för ateroskleros, är en sjukdom som de flesta lider av. Vi vet bara inte om det. Ateroskleros ger nämligen sällan symptom innan ett aterosklerotiskt plack (en lokal aterosklerosansamling i kärlväggen) brister och det bildas en blodpropp. Om placket som brister sitter i kärlen som förser hjärtat eller hjärnan med blod kaMyocardial infarction and stroke, mainly caused by a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, are two of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. Previous studies have pointed out inflammation, driven by inflammatory lipids, as the keystone in the formation of the rupture prone vulnerable plaque. The risk for a plaque rupture is greatly enhanced in the diabetic population and i

The exposure to fragrances is widespread and contact allergy to fragrance substances affects 1–4% of the general population. Many fragrance substances are volatile and it can therefore be suspected that they may evaporate from petrolatum patch test preparations applied in test chambers. In the first two papers included in this thesis the aims were to i) to investigate the stability of fragrance pr

A primary functionality of context aware applications is the retrieval of different types of context data from various context sources and adapting their behavior accordingly. In order to facilitate context aware application development, a context aware middleware must provide an effective context data management and lookup strategy. The use of a traditional index for indexing dynamic context data

An unparalleled resolution is reported with an inelastic X-ray scattering instrument at the Cu K-edge. Based on a segmented concave analyzer, featuring single-crystal quartz (SiO2) pixels, the spectrometer delivers a resolution near 25 meV (FWHM) at 8981 eV. Besides the quartz analyzer, the performance of the spectrometer relies on a four-bounce Si(553) high-resolution monochromator and focusing K

Two (Ga,Mn)As samples having different magnetic anisotropy (one with in-plane easy axis and another one with out-of-plane easy axis) were studied by means of magnetotransport experiments. Anisotropy field B-A was determined for both samples as a function of temperature. For the sample having in-plane easy axis, an inversion of the direction of planar Hall effect hysteresis was observed upon increa

Time resolved absorption spectroscopy has been used to study photoinduced electron injection and charge recombination in Zn-porphyrin sensitized nanostructured TiO(2) electrodes. The electron transfer dynamics is correlated to the performance of dye sensitized solar cells based on the same electrodes. We find that the dye/semiconductor binding can be described with a heterogeneous geometry where t

Introduction: In former studies from North America early Do-Not-Resuscitate orders (DNR orders) in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) had negative prognostic impact on mortality. The influence of DNR orders on functional outcome and whether DNR orders are grounded on relevant patient characteristics is unknown. We aimed to determine the frequency and predictive factors of DNR-orders and

OBJECTIVE: Screening of hypertension has been advocated for early detection and treatment. Severe hypertension (grade 3 hypertension) is a strong predictor for cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to evaluate not only the risk factors for developing severe hypertension, but also the prospective morbidity and mortality risk associated with severe hypertension in a population-based screening and

The deswelling behavior of cross-linked DNA gels reports on DNA-cosolute interactions and gives a basis for the development of responsive DNA formulations. An investigation of the deswelling kinetics shows that an increase in the surfactant tail length gives a pronouncedly slower deswelling kinetics. In the same conditions, single stranded gels exhibited faster deswelling kinetics when compared wi

Organometal halide perovskite-based solar cells have recently been reported to be highly efficient, giving an overall power conversion efficiency of up to 15%. However, much of the fundamental photophysical properties underlying this performance has remained unknown. Here, we apply photoluminescence, transient absorption, time-resolved terahertz and microwave conductivity measurements to determine

High-quality layers of the (Ga,Mn)(Bi,As) quaternary compound semiconductor have been grown by the low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy technique. An effect of Si incorporation into the (Ga,Mn)As ferromagnetic semiconductor and the post-growth annealing treatment of the layers have been investigated through examination of their magnetic and magneto-transport properties. Significant enhancement o

A newly constructed solid state silicon dose profile detector is characterized concerning its sensitive profile. The use of the MEDIPIX2 sensor system displays an excellent method to align an image of an X-ray slit to a sample under test. The scanning from front to reverse side of the detector, show a decrease in sensitivity of 20%, which indicates a minority charge carrier lifetime of 0.18 ms and

The dilution effect of N-2/CO2 on the laminar burning velocity of H-2-CO-O-2 mixtures was investigated. The dilution fraction of N-2 and CO2 in the unburned mixtures varied from 0% to 70% and 0%-50%, respectively, and H-2 content in H-2-CO fuels altered from 5% to 100%. All the studies were carried out at standard laboratory conditions (1 atm, 298 K) with equivalence ratio changing from 0.6 to 2.0

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder affecting an estimated 300 million people worldwide. Most patients with asthma can be controlled with bronchodilators and low to moderate dose inhaled corticosteroids. However, an estimated 5-10% of the population presents a more troublesome disease, often referred to as severe asthma. The aim of present thesis was to study the relationship between histopat

This paper presents a method to relax Dynamic Programming. The methodmakes it possible to findsuboptimal solutions with known error bounds to hard problems.The bounds are chosen by the user, who can then effectively trade-offbetween solution time and accuracy. Several examples from differentdomains where the method is highly useful are presented.

To determine the functions of fibromodulin (Fmod), a small leucine-rich keratan sulfate proteoglycan in tooth formation, we investigated the distribution of Fmod in dental tissues by immunohistochemistry and characterized the dental phenotype of 1-day-old Fmod-deficient mice using light and transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry was also used to compare the relative protein express

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of wearing a light-weight ice-vest (1 kg, water) on physiological and subjective responses in fire fighter’s work. The experiments were carried out in a climatic chamber, in a container under extreme radiant heat, and during simulated smoke-diving. In addition, the physical cooling effect of the ice-vest was measured with a thermal mannequin.

Experimental studies helped to compare methods for determining and calculating total heat resistance of clothing sets accepted by Russian and international standards. Findings are that difference in the total heat resistance values calculated on humans and on dummies in relatively still air and quiet conditions is caused by measurement technique applied. Significant difference in the total heat re