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A considerable amount of evidence from several intonation languages (e.g., German, English, Italian) supports the idea that F0 peak timing, height, and shape variables form a feature bundle, which is used to encode two-fold intonational (e.g., sentence-level) pitch accent distinctions such as L+H* vs. L*+H. The three types of features in the bundle can be weighted differently but the outcome seems

BACKGROUND: In patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) the P-wave is prolonged as a marker of delayed atrial conduction which is associated with atrial fibrillation. The study aim was to analyse the impact of ASD closure in adults on P-wave duration and morphology by means of signal-averaged P-waves (PSA-ECG) and to investigate potential mechano-electrical interactions. METHODS: PSA-ECG was obtai

The mechanism of nutrient-evoked insulin release is clearly complex. One part of that mechanism is postulated to be the activation of the glycogenolytic enzyme acid glucan-1,4-alpha-glucosidase. As nitric oxide (NO) has been found to be a potent inhibitor of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, we have now investigated a possible influence of exogenous NO and inhibition of endogenous NO productio

Sudden idiopathic unilateral loss of vestibular function without other signs or symptoms is called acute vestibular neuritis. It has been suggested that reactivation of human herpes simplex virus 1 could cause vestibular neuritis, Bell palsy, and sudden unilateral hearing loss. Enhancement of the facial nerve on gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a common finding in Bell palsy

This thesis has two aims: to expand the range of the field of human geography research; and to establish the importance of the geographical perspective for understanding the role of sustainability in human behaviour.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether low-carbohydrate diets are efficient for reduction of body weight and through which mechanism. DESIGN: A couple of studies using low-carbohydrate diets in the treatment of obesity are reviewed. Mechanisms for explaining the reduced appetite are described in relation to knowledge on regulation of appetite for fat and carbohydrate. RESULTS: Studies with low-carbohyd

A compact laser-plasma proximity x-ray lithography system suitable for laboratory-scale low-volume nanometer patterning is presented. The laser-plasma source, which is based on a fluorocarbon liquid-jet target, generates high-brightness lambda = 1.2-1.7 nm x-ray emission with only negligible debris production. The Au/SiNx x-ray mask is fabricated by employing ion milling and a high-contrast e-beam

Results of calorimetric measurements are easily impaired by different kinds of systematic errors. Isothermal micro- and nanocalorimeters are particularly sensitive to such errors, as the measured thermal powers are very low. In this paper the occurrence and effects of such errors are discussed: calibration errors, baseline errors, problems with evaporation/condensation, sorption, pV-work, gaseous

Lead (Pb) is one of the most important models for biomonitoring of exposure, with the blood Pb concentration as a predominant choice in practice and in epidemiology. In this article the alternatives for biomarkers to blood are reviewed. This overview focuses on a number of different qualities that are of importance in the evaluation of a biomarker's usefulness and performance. The qualities scruti

Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms have been reported to be targeted to the Golgi complex via their C1 domains. We have shown recently that the regulatory domain of PKCtheta induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells and that this effect is correlated to Golgi localization via the C1b domain. This study was designed to identify specific residues in the C1 domains that mediate Golgi localization. We dem

This tutorial presents an introduction to the interaction of light and matter on the attosecond timescale. Our aim is to detail the theoretical description of ultra-short time delays and to relate these to the phase of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light pulses and to the asymptotic phaseshifts of photoelectron wave packets. Special emphasis is laid on time-delay experiments, where attosecond XUV puls

It can be said that literary texts do not have any obligation to reality, and that literature destabilises our relation to normal use of words and to established perspectives. Literature is in relation with something that cannot be explained or conceptualised. In this respect literature is close to religion. Literature invites us to believe in something that is unreal and beyond ordinary life. In

Recurrence after radical prostatectomy occurs most frequently during the first 5 years after surgery. Later recurrences have, however, been described. This report describes a case with local recurrence 23 years after radical prostatectomy.

Precision of two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectroscopy can be affected by imprecise calibration of the optical spectrometer and coherence time delay line. This would result in 2D spectral line shapes with twisted phase, where absorptive and dispersive parts of the signal are mixed and unrecoverable. We demonstrate two efficient and easily implementable techniques for precise spectrometer and we