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Background: Noise is typically conceived of as being detrimental to cognitive performance. However, given the mechanism of stochastic resonance, a certain amount of noise can benefit performance. We investigate cognitive performance in noisy environments in relation to a neurocomputational model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dopamine. The Moderate Brain Arousal model (MBA;
We investigate a class of discrete distributions generated by expanding a parametric function in a Lagrange series. There is a close relationship to the class of generalized Poisson distributions, and special cases of our class of distributions arise in the context of random mapping theory. Unbiased estimation is discussed and the results are applied to inference problems in connection with two ra
Objective: Hyperostosis-hyperphosphataemia syndrome (HHS) is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by hyperphosphataemia, inappropriately normal or elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 and localized painful cortical hyperostosis. HHS was shown to be caused by inactivating mutations in GALNT3, encoding UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (GalNAc-tran
The use of volatile anaesthetics has increased in situations where conventional anaesthetic machines are inadequate or unavailable, for example, cardiac surgery and intensive care. The disposable anaesthetic conserving device, AnaConDa (R), allows vaporization of liquid volatile anaesthetics from a syringe pump and rebreathing of exhaled anaesthetic. Clinical use requires understanding of device-s
To get further insight into the CH2BrCl site-selective fragmentation previously observed upon inner-shell ionization, we have performed high-resolution Br 3d and Cl 2p Auger and spin-orbit resolved Br 3d Auger spectra, and studied the dissociation properties of the CH2BrCl2+ dication formed at threshold by means of threshold electron pair-ion coincidence measurements. The key point is that the ori
Ballistic imaging is the name applied to a category of optical techniques that were originally developed for medical applications. Recently, ballistic imaging was adapted to acquire instantaneous images of the liquid core inside atomizing sprays; a region that has been heretofore inaccessible to spray researchers. An important difference between spray research and the medical imaging problem is th
Enzymatic degradation of model cellulose films prepared by a spin-coating technique was investigated by ellipsometry. The cellulose films were prior to degradation characterized by ellipsometry, contact angle measurements, ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) and AFM (atomic force microscopy). At enzyme addition to preformed cellulose films an initial adsorption was observed, which w
Eosinophils are a characteristic component of the inflammatory response seen in several diseases, including allergic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. After activation, eosinophil-derived products may exert proinflammatory effects and cause considerable tissue damage. In the present study, we investigated innate interactions between the respiratory tract pathogen nontypeable Haemop
Background Quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV types 6/11/16/18) L1 VLP vaccine is highly effective in preventing HPV 6/11/16/18-related cervical and external genital disease. Herein, we evaluated the impact of the quadrivalent HPV 6/11/16/18 L1 VLP vaccine on prevention of HPV-associated cervico-genital lesions in a broad population of sexually active European women. Methods Female subjects (N
Numerous studies have identified a role for the innate and adaptive immune response in atherosclerosis; both pro- and antiatherogenic roles for the immune responses have been demonstrated. Common autoantigens against which an immune response has been identified in experimental and human models of atherosclerosis include oxidized low-density lipopoteins, beta2 glycoprotein 1 and heat shock protein
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Although smoking is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and death, many smokers remain healthy after many years of smoking. Our objective was to assess whether this variation is related to rate of decline of respiratory function. DESIGN: This was a population-based cohort study, its subjects being men born in 1914 from Malmo, Sweden. METHODS:
This study focuses on the mechanisms and pathways of energy transfer in two carotenoid-pyropheophorbide dyads serving as an artificial light-harvesting antenna. The dyads contain carbonyl carotenoids peridinin (dyad 1) and fucoxanthin ( dyad 2). Studies of these carotenoids in solution showed a pronounced dependence of the excited-state lifetime on solvent polarity. This dependence was attributed
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate any association between vaginal carriage of Mycoplasma hominis and genital signs and symptoms, other microbial findings, and some risk behavior factors in women with and without bacterial vaginosis. STUDY DESIGN: Women who had attended two family planning clinics and a youth clinic for contraceptive advice were divided depending on the result of
Biglyean and decorin are small chondroitin/dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue that belong to the family of structurally related proteoglycans called small leucine-rich repeat proteins. We show for the first time that biglycan and decorin induce morphological and cytoskeletal changes in fibroblasts, resulting in an increase in migration. Biglycan change
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of rosiglitazone treatment on islet ghrelin and insulin gene expressions in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Animals were divided into four groups. 1. Intact controls. 2. Rosiglitazone-treated controls. 3. STZ-induced diabetes. 4. Rosiglitazone-treated diabetes, Rosiglitazone was given for 7 days at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. Ghrelin
The properties of a sol-gel prepared Mn-modified TiO2 film have been studied with X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) using synchrotron radiation. The chemical composition and oxidation state of the elements have been determined. The manganese content estimated by PES of the Mn-modified film is about 10% and both Mn2+ and Mn3+ are observed. Addition of Mn is fo
Pulmonary embolism (PE) can only be diagnosed with imaging techniques, which in practice is performed using ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy (V/P(SCAN)) or multidetector computed tomography of the pulmonary arteries (MDCT). The epidemiology, natural history, pathophysiology and clinical presentation of PE are briefly reviewed. The primary objective of Part 1 of the Task Group's report was to dev
