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Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a common colonizer of the human nasopharynx. Despite a low rate of invasive disease, the high prevalence of colonization results in millions of infections and over one million deaths per year, mostly in individuals under the age of 5 and the elderly. Colonizing pneumococci form well-organized biofilm communities in the nasopharyngeal environment, but
Popular Abstract in English Every year globally, an estimated 1.7 million women are diagnosed with breast cancer, while over half a million are killed by this disease. The principal cause of death is metastasis, which is the spreading of the cancer cells from the breast to other vital organs like the brain, liver or lungs, resulting in organ failure and subsequently death. Even though the past decMetastasis is a complex process that remains a major challenge in the clinical management of cancer, because most cancer-related deaths are attributed to disseminated disease rather than the primary tumor. Despite the significant advances in the prediction of prognosis, and therapeutic management of primary breast cancers, coupled with the substantial improvement in our understanding of the molecu
Heparan sulfate (HS), a substance common in the extracellular matrix on epithelial cells is present in the pancreas, lining the duct lumen. During pathological conditions, we propose that it can be shed from the ECM and bind to receptors on the cell surface, thus triggering an inflammatory response, which if excessive can cause acute pancreatitis (AP). Infusion of HS in the pancreatic duct in rats
Professional cycling combines extensive endurance training with non weight-bearing exercise, two factors often associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD). Therefore BMD was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in 30 professional road cyclists (mean (SD) age: 29.1 (3.4) years; height: 178.5 (6.7) cm; weight: 71.3 (6.1) kg; %fat mass: 9.7 (3.2)%; (V) over dotO(2) max: 70.5 (5.5) ml .
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a locally aggressive endothelial tumour that is classified into 4 clinico-epidemiological forms: classic KS affecting lower limbs in elderly Mediterranean or East European men; endemic KS occurring in extremities among Equatorial African middle-aged men and children; iatrogenic KS involving lower limbs in immunosuppressive patients; and AIDS-associated (epidemic) KS observed
Environmental conditions, dispersal lags, and interactions among species are major factors structuring communities through time and across space. Ecologists have emphasized the importance of biotic interactions in determining local patterns of species association. In contrast, abiotic limits, dispersal limitation, and historical factors have commonly been invoked to explain community structure pat
Sera from 25 metastatic breast cancer patients and 25 healthy controls were subjected to affinity chromatography using immobilized galectin-1. Serum from the healthy subjects contained on average 1.2 mg per ml (range 0.7-2.2) galectin-1 binding glycoproteins, whereas serum from the breast cancer patients contained on average 2.2 mg/ml (range 0.8-3.9), with a higher average for large primary tumour
The remodeling phase of tissue repair in lung disorders such as idiopathic pulmonary disease, asthma, obliterative bronchiolitis, and after lung transplantation is not well understood. One of the key players in fibrosis is the fibroblast and its progenitor, the fibrocyte. The fibroblast is the main producer of extracellular matrix molecules such as collagen, versican, perlecan, biglycan, and decor
The two major aims of this study are (1) To test the performance of the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm (LRA) to quantify past landscape changes using historical maps and related written sources, and (2) to use the LRA and map reconstructions for a better understanding of the origin of landscape diversity and the recent loss of species diversity. Southern Sweden, hemiboreal vegetation zone. The
This dissertation discusses aspects of the syntax of Övdalian, a variety spoken by ca. 2,500 people in the province of Dalecarlia in Sweden. Initially, an overview of the history and current status of the language of Älvdalen is given, and the focus of the dissertation is on certain syntactic phenomena that have been well studied from a comparative and diachronic perspective in other Scandinavian
Given the increasing interest in the association between exposure to air pollution and adverse health outcomes, the development of models that provide accurate spatio-temporal predictions of air pollution concentrations at small spatial scales is of great importance when assessing potential health effects of air pollution. The methodology presented here has been developed as part of the Multi-Ethn
An initial model in the crystallographic structure determination process, usually contains many errors. To produce an accurate model, one must carry out several cycles of crystallographic refinement. Because of the limited resolution typically obtained for biomolecules, the experimental data are usually supplemented by some sort of chemical information, typically in the form of a molecular-mechani
Popular Abstract in Swedish Förmågan att ha tillgång till energi oberoende av ett varierande födointag är livsavgörande. Kroppen har därför på ett högst effektivt sätt löst detta genom att lagra energi i form av fett i fettceller, vilka finns i fettväven. Dessa fettdepåer, vilka utgörs av triglycerider (en triglycerid består av ett glycerol med tre påkopplade fettsyror), byggs upp då födointaget äTriglycerides in the adipocyte are hydrolysed by means of three consecutive reactions through the combined action of two lipases: hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and monoglyceride lipase (MGL). HSL catalyses the first and rate-limiting step, i.e. the hydrolysis of triglycerides to diglycerides, and the subsequent hydrolysis of diglycerides and monoglycerides. However, MGL is needed to assure comple
Popular Abstract in Swedish POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING PÅ SVENSKA I blodet finns en mängd olika celltyper som alla har sin specifika funktion. De röda blodkropparna (erytrocyterna), transporterar livsnödvändigt syre till kroppens alla vävnader. De vita blodkropparna (leukocyterna), vilka inkluderar lymfocyter, monocyter och granulocyter, deltar i kroppens immunförsvar och skyddar kroppen Hematopoiesis is a highly complex process by which a range of specialized blood cells are generated from a small pool of multipotent stem cells in the bone marrow. The survival, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells are tightly regulated by both soluble and membrane-bound cytokines produced within the bone marrow microenvironment. Kit Ligand (KL) and Flt3 Ligand (FL) are t
The subject of this thesis is the clinical use of the oesophageal electrode in electrocardiology. The three areas covered are oesophageal electro- cardiography, the biophysics of transoesophageal atrial stimulation (TAS) and the clinical utility of TAS. The literature is reviewed with respect to these areas. TAS was performed in 64 patients with documented supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) or a
Popular Abstract in Swedish Utveckling av blodbildande celler sker i benmärgens mikromiljö, som består av cytokiner och tillväxtfaktorer, stromaceller samt extracellulära matrixmolekyler. Extracellulära matrixproteiner och stromaceller i benmärgen utgör en strukturell miljö för hematopoietiska celler, men adhesiva cell-cell och cell-matrix interaktioner påverkar också direkt hematopoietiska cellerDevelopment of hematopoietic cells in bone marrow takes place in association with the hematopoietic microenvironment. Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and stromal cells in bone marrow provide a structural environment for hematopoietic cells, but they also directly influence proliferation, differentiation and migration of cells by signal transduction mediated by ligand binding to cell surface a
Popular Abstract in Swedish Atmosfäriskt nedfall är den största källan till miljögiftet PCB i sötvatten. I flertalet vattendrag, exempelvis Emån, fungererar också sediment som en källa. Ett pappersbruk i anslutning till Emån hade använt returpapper som innehöll PCB som råvara. PCB följde med utsläppen till ån och lagrades in i sedimenten. Miljögiftet läckte sedan ut långsamt till vattnet. Största Atmospheric deposition is one source of persistent pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in aquatic environments. Other point sources can also contribute to the PCB loadings in the water. In the Emån River, in southeast Sweden, contaminated sediment was a source of PCB, the largest deposits of it being found in a small lake connected with the river, Lake Järnsjön, the sediment of it c
Background:Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumour of the skin that has been associated with a new tumour virus, the MCC polyomavirus.Methods:To investigate whether MCC may have a shared aetiology with other cancers, we investigated the risk of second cancers after the diagnosis of MCC using the national cancer registries in Denmark, Norway and Sweden.Results:The overall
(PRELP)-P-hbd is a peptide corresponding to the N-terminal heparin binding domain of the matrix protein proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein (PRELP). (PRELP)-P-hbd inhibits osteoclastogenesis entering pre-fusion osteoclasts through a chondroitin sulfate- and annexin 2-dependent mechanism and reducing the nuclear factor-B transcription factor activity. In this work, we hypothesized
