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For the assessment of personal exposure, information about the concentration of pollutants when people are in given indoor environments (occupancy time) are of prime importance. However this kind of data frequently is not reported. The aim of this study was to assess differences in particle characteristics between occupancy time and the total monitoring period, with the latter being the most frequ

Pheromone-based monitoring is a promising new method for assessing the conservation status of many threatened insect species. We examined the versatility and usefulness of pheromone-based monitoring by integrating a pheromone–kairomone trapping system and pitfall trapping system in the monitoring of two saproxylic beetles, the hermit beetle Osmoderma eremita (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and its pred

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common cause of sexually transmitted infections globally and the leading cause of preventable blindness in the developing world. There are two biovariants of C trachomatis: 'trachoma', causing ocular and genital tract infections, and the invasive 'lymphogranuloma venereum' strains. Recently, a new variant of the genital tract C trachomatis emerged in S

Background. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous group of B-cell lymphomas. Five clinical adverse risk factors are merged into the International Prognostic Index (IPI), which is the major tool for prognostication. In contrast to Hodgkin's lymphoma, gender is not considered as an adverse risk factor for DLBCL patients. As we clinically had observed a very good survival rate in y

Introduction: In contact zones, genetic mixing of two taxa can be restricted by prezygotic (e.g. assortative mating) or postzygotic (lower fitness of hybrid offspring) barriers, or a combination of the two. A hybrid zone between two willow warbler subspecies (Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus, P. t. acredula) with distinctive migratory strategies occurs in central Sweden. These subspecies exhibit d

The papilloma- and polyomaviruses are small DNA viruses that infect humans. Some members of these virus families can cause cancer in experimental animals and some are also established as carcinogenic to humans. Detection of specific antibodies to these viruses allows tracking past and present infections to elucidate natural history and association of infection with subsequent disease. As there are

The microarchitecture of trabecular bone adapts to its mechanical loading environment according to Wolff's law and alters with age. Trabecular bone is a metabolically active tissue, thus, its molecular composition and microarchitecture may vary between anatomical locations as a result of the local mechanical loading environment. No comprehensive comparison of composition and microarchitecture of t

Abstract in UndeterminedThe aim of this study was to evaluate the extent to which water use efficiency (WUE) at leaf scale can be used to assess WUE at canopy scale, leaf WUE being assumed to be a constant function of vapor pressure deficit and to thus not be dependent upon other environmental factors or varying leaf properties. Leaf WUE and its variability and dependencies were assessed using lea

Isoprene emission from Sphagnum species naturally growing at different positions above the water table were measured in a subarctic peatland and at monoliths from a temperate bog. Our objectives were to investigate (1) whether emission rates were species and/or moisture dependent, and (2) whether short-term temperature history had an influence on emission capacity. We expected greater emission cap

Conclusion: Alpha B-crystallin was found to be an independent prognostic marker for poor prognosis in oral cavity tumours. For oropharyngeal cancer, alpha B-crystallin had no prognostic value. Objective: The aim of this study was to see if earlier findings of alpha B-crystallin as an independent prognostic marker, and SPARC/osteonectin, PAI-1 and uPA as a prognostic combination for poor outcome in

Manganese superoxide dismutases (MnSODs) are enzymes that convert two molecules of the poisonous superoxide radical into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. During the reaction, the manganese ion cycles between the Mn(2+) and Mn(3+) oxidation states and accomplishes its enzymatic action in two half-cycles (corresponding to the oxidation and reduction of O(2)(*-)). Despite many experimental and

The purpose of this study was to develop multimodality SPECT/MRI contrast agents for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in vivo. METHODS: Nanoparticles with a solid iron oxide core and a polyethylene glycol coating were labeled with (99m)Tc. The labeling efficiency was determined with instant thin-layer chromatography and magnetic separation. The stability of the radiolabeled superparamagnetic iron

The relationship between palynological diversity and floristic diversity was studied on the basis of sediment surface sample pollen data from nine small lakes and vegetation data within a 250 m radius from the lake shore of each. The nine study areas are situated in the patchy cultural landscape of Southern Estonia and were chosen to represent landscape changes along a gradient from closed forest

Background: Pro-inflammatory cytokines can affect intracellular lipid metabolism. A variety of effects have been described for different cell types; hepatocyte lipid turnover pathways are inhibited during inflammation, whereas interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) reduces intracellular cholesterol levels in fibroblasts. Levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (

Large skeletal muscle injuries, such as a volumetric muscle loss (VML), often result in an incomplete regeneration due to the formation of a non-contractile fibrotic scar tissue. This is, in part, due to the outbreak of an inflammatory response, which is not resolved over time, meaning that type-1 macrophages (M1, pro-inflammatory) involved in the initial stages of the process are not replaced by

Hindlimb ischemia is an unmet medical need, especially for those patients unable to undergo vascular surgery. Cellular therapy, mainly through mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) administration, may be a potentially attractive approach in this setting. In the current work, we aimed to assess the potential of the combination of MSCs with a proangiogenic elastin-like recombinamer (ELR)-based hydrogel in

This study is about Wikipedia which defines itself as a free online encyclopaedia. Our chief interest lies in the debate and the controversy which has arisen around Wikipedia. After reading critical articles concerning Wikipedia we found that the debate for most parts had one identifiable theme namely the question whether Wikipedia is an encyclo-paedia or not. Encyclopaedia as a term and a phenom

Today, "the digital library" is the common way of describing a managed collection of information, with associated services, stored in digital formats and accessible over a network. Digital libraries have mainly been developed at research libraries, but during the last few years public libraries have started to offer similar services. The aim of this Master's thesis is to study how t

The present study investigated second language (L2) learners’ processing of filler-gap dependencies and tested the implications of Clahsen and Felser’s (2006) shallow structure hypothesis according to which L2 learners underuse syntactic information during the processing of these sentence types. Advanced L2 learners of English (native Swedish speakers) listened to English sentences with object-rel