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Photosynthesis is performed by a multitude of organisms, but in P nearly all cases, it is variations on a common theme: absorption of light followed by energy transfer to a reaction center where charge separation takes place, This initial form of chemical energy is stabilized by the biosynthesis of carbohydrates. To produce these energy-rich products, a substrate is needed that feeds in reductive
Atmospheric organic aerosols are generally classified as primary and secondary (POA and SOA) according to their formation processes. An actual separation, however, is challenging when the timescales of emission and gas-to-particle formation overlap. The presence of SOA formation in biomass burning plumes leads to scientific questions about whether the oxidized fraction of biomass burning aerosol i
Understanding past methane dynamics in arctic wetlands and lakes is crucial for estimating future methane release. Methane fluxes from lake ecosystems have increasingly been studied, yet only few reconstructions of past methane emissions from lakes are available. In this study, we develop an approach to assess changes in methane availability in lakes based on delta C-13 of chitinous invertebrate r
Popular Abstract in Swedish Patienter med kroniskt obstruktiv lungsjukdom, KOL, har en försämrad lungfunktion och lider av bronkit och andnöd. Dessa symptom beror troligtvis på en ständigt pågående inflammation i lungan som dels leder till ökad slemproduktion och förträngning av luftrören, dels till emfysem dvs. nedbrytning av lungvävnaden vilket försämrar gasutbytet i lungan. Cigarrettrökning är Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD, is manifested by chronic airflow limitation due to inflammation and tissue destruction in the lungs. COPD is caused primarily by smoking and with increasing cigarette consumption in the world, the prevalence for COPD will most probably increase in the future. The chronic inflammation in the lungs of these patients is thought to drive the pathogenesis fo
Popular Abstract in Swedish Barns villkor i stadsmiljö är ett viktigt tema för förståelsen av den moderna barndomen. Barn har emellertid sällan tillfrågats om sin syn på stadens miljövillkor. Avhandlingens syfte är sammanfattningsvis: * Att beskriva de sakkunnigas försök att skapa goda uppväxtvillkor för barn i stadsmiljö, utifrån det jag sammanfattande benämner "de för barnen tänkta perspektivenChildren's conditions in urban environments are an important theme for understanding modern childhood, yet children have rarely been asked about their views of urban childhood conditions. The aim of the dissertation is: To describe the experts' attempts to create good conditions for growing up in an urban environment. This is summed up as "perspectives thought out for the children". To investiga
Background: Since the cloning in 1990 of cDNA corresponding to mRNA transcribed at the blood-group ABO locus, polymorphisms due to ethnic and/or phenotypic variations have been reported. Some subgroups have been explained at the molecular level, but unresolved samples are frequently encountered in the reference laboratory. Results: ABO blood grouping discrepancies were investigated serologically a
Rättskällornas uppgift är att belysa rättsordningen och att bidra till förutsebarhet och transparens i rättsystemet genom att hjälpa yrkesverksamma jurister att uttolka gällande rätt. En rättskälla kan sammanfattas som det material yrkesverksamma jurister beaktar och hänvisar till i sin rättsliga argumentation. Frågan om huruvida skiljedomar kan utgöra en rättskälla bör därför besvaras utifrån detThe role of legal sources is to inform the interpretation of the law and to contribute to predictability and transparency in the justice system by helping practicing lawyers to interpret current law. A source of law can be summarized as the material that practicing lawyers use and reference in their legal argumentation. The question whether arbitral awards should be recognized as sources of law mu
Lagen (1988:688) om kontaktförbud har varit föremål för ökad medial uppmärksamhet under senare tid. Bland annat har nyhetstidningar rapporterat om våldshändelser med dödlig utgång, som ofta avser en kvinna som fallit offer för en närstående mans våldsutövning, där det i grunden har funnits ett beviljat (eller obeviljat) kontaktförbud. En hel del kritik har riktats mot lagen, främst från representaThe contact prohibition act (1988:688), or restraining order (RO), has received increased attention in the media lately. Newspapers have occasionally reported incidents with deadly violence, usually concerning a female victim to violence performed by a male who is in close relationship to the victim (intimate partner violence, IPV), where there existed a granted (or not granted) RO. The regulation
Sammanfattning Allt fler människor blir infertila. För att lösa problemet att få ett genetiskt barn har flera länder i vår omvärld börjat använda och tillåta surrogatmödraskap. I Sverige har åsikterna tidigare varit att det varit en allt för oetisk metod. Under årens lopp har dock värderingarna ändrats något och idag pågår en livlig debatt om altruistiskt surrogatmödraskap ska bli tillåtet. AltruiSummary Infertility is increasing. Because of this several countries around the world have begun to allow surrogacy as a means of procuring a genetic child. In Sweden, the previously held view was that surrogacy is unethical. However, over the years societal values have begun to gradually change. Presently there is a lively debate concerned with allowance of altruistic surrogacy. Altruistic surrog
Given that it is often claimed that Sweden has come far in its gender equality work and in its attitudes towards women, it is interesting to examine how ancient notions of women have changed in law and in case law for nearly a 50-year period since the Penal Code was introduced in 1965 until today. The aim of my thesis is divided into three parts and the first part of the thesis examines the develo
Problem/bakgrund Att inte våga eller vilja vittna för polis och domstol är ett bekymmer för rättsväsendet, och för samhället i stort. Medias framställning av rädsla om hot, trakasserier och våld mot människor som vittnar, skapar negativa föreställningar och myter hos allmänheten. Syfte och frågeställningar Uppsatsens syfte är att utifrån ett organisatoriskt perspektiv på en geografiskt lokal n
Våld mot kvinnor är ett av de mest allvarliga brotten mot internationella mänskliga rättigheter i världen. Det bekräftar underordningen av kvinnor, den patriarkatiska normgivningen och den otillräckliga implementationen av mänskliga rättigheter. Det här arbetet utreder vad våld i hemmet består av i Indien och i Sverige. I Indien är detta fokuserat på dowry-våld och i Sverige är ”vanligt” våld i heViolence against women is one of the most serious international human rights breaches in the world. It reaffirms the subordination of women, the patriarchal standard setting and insufficient implementation of human rights. This thesis investigates what domestic violence consists of in India and in Sweden. In India this is focused on dowry violence and in Sweden “ordinary” domestic violence and hon
Samhall has been carrying out its main assignment to provide development opportunities for and rehabilitate people with disabilities since before Sweden became a member of the EU. With that in mind it is hardly surprising that there are questions as to whether the aid that Samhall receives for carrying out this assignment complies with the EU state aid laws. In recent years the concept services of
Methane emissions from Northern wetlands constitute a substantial part of the total natural emission of methane, a strong greenhouse gas. Both environmental and biotic factors influence the production, oxidation and transport of methane and hence its net flux. The methane emission from Northern wetlands is highly variable both spatially and temporally. As many factors influence the methane flux, k
Climate change has become a societal issue that has gained increasing attention in recent years. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, presented in year 2007 its Fourth Assessment Report, pointing out different scenarios about the future climate, including the anticipated sea level rises during this century. More recent climate research has shown that sea levels are most likely to r
Sammanfattning Straffrättslig särbehandling av psykiskt störda lagöverträdare har funnits i alla tider. Bedömningen kring det straffrättsliga ansvaret är en komplicerad process och blir ännu mer problematisk om brottet begåtts under påverkan av ett avvikande psykiskt tillstånd. Enligt den svenska lagstiftningen kan alla personer anses ha förövat brott. Ur denna aspekt är Sverige tämligen unikt då Summary Judicial consideration in criminal law of mentally disordered offenders has existed throughout history. The assessment regarding the criminal liability of a person is a complicated process and becomes even more problematic if the offense was committed during an abnormal or permanent mental disorder. Under Swedish law, all persons are deemed to have the capability to commit a crime. Sweden
Konkurrensen på den globala marknaden blir allt hårdare för internationella företag där utlandsplacerade medarbetare, så kallade expatriater anses vara ett viktigt verktyg för att erhålla konkurrensfördelar. Flera forskare har studerat olika delar av utlandsuppdrag där såväl förberedande träning innan uppdraget som anpassning på plats i värdlandet har framhävts. Dock saknas forskning där ett kompaThe competition on the global market is becoming increasingly tough for international companies where workers located abroad, so called expatriates are thought of as an important tool in obtaining competition advantages. Several scientists have studied different parts of a mission abroad for expatriates where pre-departure training as well as adjustment to the host country has been accentuated. Ho
