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Multipotent progenitor cells confirm their T cell–lineage identity in the CD4–CD8– double-negative (DN) pro-T cell DN2 stages, when expression of the essential transcription factor Bcl11b begins. In vivo and in vitro stage-specific deletions globally identified Bcl11b-controlled target genes in pro-T cells. Proteomics analysis revealed that Bcl11b associated with multiple cofactors and that its di

Unforeseen ground conditions are risk factors often leading to delays and significant additional costs in conjunction with underground infrastructure construction work. There are two main geological hazards that are important to identify, manage, or possibly avoid, for safe and efficient underground construction. The first is unstable rock and the second is large groundwater inflow. The latter exi

β-Alanine synthase (βAS), which is a dizinc metalloenzyme, catalyzes the irreversible hydrolysis of N-carbamyl-β-alanine (NCβA) to β-alanine. This enzyme has potential applications for β-amino acid production. Understanding the reaction mechanism and selectivity of βAS at atomic details can help design and engineer the enzyme for cascade biocatalysis. Here, the protonation states of two conserved

The International Agency for Research on Cancer has recently classified occupational exposure as a firefighter as carcinogenic (group 1A). Even though the occupation of firefighter is associated with high exposure to pollutants, it is challenging to carry out exposure studies to assess health risks due to the extreme conditions associated with firefighting. Routine monitoring of occupational expos

Low-energy-electron-diffraction (LEED), scanning-tunneling-microscopy (STM), and photoelectron-spectroscopy measurements have been performed on the ordered submonolayer surface reconstructions of Yb on Si(111). Two of these reconstructions, namely, 3×1 and 2×1, have been studied in detail. STM and LEED revealed that what was considered to be the 3×1 reconstruction is actually a 3×2 reconstruction.

Pentaklorfenol (PCP) är en klorerad aromatisk förening som användes flitigt för att behandla trä mot mikrobiell nedbrytning innan den blev förbjuden på 70-talet. På grund av dess höga löslighet förekommer PCP som en grundvattenförorening kring äldre sågverk. Hjortsberga i södra Sverige är ett exempel på denna typ av förorening och är det område som undersöks i arbetet. Förorenat grundvatten spridsPentachlorophenol (PCP) is a chlorinated aromatic compound that was commonly used for treatment of wood against microbial degradation before it got banned in the 1970s. Due to its solubility in water, PCP is a common groundwater contaminant around old sawmills, for example near Hjortsberga in southern Sweden where this study was performed.. The contaminated groundwater is spreading and leaking int

Drought is projected to increase in frequency and intensity and impacts trees with increased water stress and increased mortality rate. Water stresses can cause hydraulic failure-related mortality or carbon starvation due to tree species having different strategies to deal with water stresses. LPJ-GUESS-HYD (Hydraulic implementation of a new plant hydraulics scheme in LPJ-GUESS) was developed to i

Although the accounts confirming that we are in the midst of an ecological crisis are undeniable, the transformative action necessary to address climate change remains elusive. Capitalist norms of economic growth, self-interest and denialism obstructs paths towards sustainability. This research illustrates how embodied engagements with the ecological crisis through artistic practices can foster mo

Designing and developing a software product is a difficult process. The product must be usable and solve the correct problem. At the same time, the underlying code must be well written. Many projects fail to deliver or exceed their budget. This thesis explores a practical approach to software design and development that tries to adhere to both user centered design and agile development. The proces

Popular summary Estuarine eutrophication, the systemic limitation of oxygen in a body of water, has been increasingly monitored and scrutinized as an environmental concern needing acute and long term remediation efforts. The roots of eutrophication are largely attributed to anthropic sources within the watershed, sources that are products of modern civilization; such as agricultural and urban poll

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) plays a significant role in climate change by altering the global atmospheric radiation budget. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are major sources for the formation of SOA. Their relationship is critical to understand the continental biosphere-aerosol-cloud-climate (COBACC) feedback mechanism but receives less attention in previous studies. In this study,

Antibiotics are used to treat both humans and animals for both preventive and therapeutic purposes. The overreliance on and misuse of antibiotics has given rise to a stealth pandemic, known as antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Globally, they pose a significant threat to human, animal, and environmental health. Surveillance of antibiotic residues in the environment, especially in wastewater, for tack

Only 40% of the total CO2 emitted by human activities and natural sources remain in the atmosphere, since the rest is taken up by plants and oceans. In particular temperate and boreal forests are usually significant sinks of carbon, even if they are very susceptible ecosystems and they might turn into sources in consequence of the predicted temperature increase. That is one of the reasons why a ne