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Bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Clostridium can form endospores as a strategy to survive unfavourable environmental conditions. Endospore formation involves synthesis of cortex, a thick layer of modified peptidoglycan that surrounds the spore. This layer is required for heat resistance of the spore and mutant spores lacking the cortex layer can be identified by a simple heat shock assay. B. su

Spatial models, such as the Besag, York and Mollie (BYM)model, have long been used in epidemiology and disease mapping. A commonproblem in these subjects is the modelling of number of disease eventsper region; here the BYM models provides a holistic framework for bothcovariates and dependencies between regions.We use these tools to assess the relative insurance risk associated withthe policyholder

This paper proposes a novel Doppler penalty kernel used in the computation of multitapers corresponding to the Wigner-Ville distribution. The resulting multitaper spectrogram will approximately fulfil the time-frequency concentration of the Wigner-Ville distribution but also suppress the cross-terms outside a signal dependent Doppler bandwidth, making the penalty kernel appropriate for linear freq

Ethics is increasingly recognized as one of several important dimensions of performance. Yet, performance audit, or value-for-money audit, as conducted by supreme audit institutions (SAIs), does not typically include this dimension. Instead, the focus is on the classical ‘three Es’ (efficiency, economy and effectiveness). The reluctance to address issues of ethical misconduct has taken the audit p

The project investigates how the sun can be utilized to enhance aesthetics through textile surfaces in urban environments. The project explores the interplay of textiles as a sun-screening element within the outdoor public architectural space. What happens when we use the sun's heat and light to trigger a light and shadow play through a textile surface? What happens when designing with an unpre-diThe project investigates how the sun can be utilized to enhance aesthetics through textile surfaces in urban environments. The project explores the interplay of textiles as a sun-screening element within the outdoor public architectural space. What happens when we use the sun's heat and light to trigger a light and shadow play through a textile surface? What happens when designing with an unpre-di

This chapter starts with the question of how damages for violation through crime are determined by law. Compensation for criminal injuries is the predominant type of non-pecuniary damages in Swedish tort law. Yet, a fundamental uncertainty exists regarding computation of damages and the legal meaning of ‘violation’. The general consensus in the legal profession is that norms for computation of damThis chapter starts with the question of how damages for violation through crime are determined by law. Compensation for criminal injuries is the predominant type of nonpecuniary damages in Swedish tort law. Yet, a fundamental uncertainty exists regarding computation of damages and the legal meaning of ‘violation’. The general consensus in the legal profession is that norms for computation of dama

Using transition metals in organic synthesis has led to the discovery of new reactions. These novel reactions have enabled different valuable transformations to take place through short synthetic routes and most importantly using a small amount of the metal. This small amount is called a catalytic amount and the metal which is in the form of a complex (with an array of groups of atoms bonded to thNew palladium and nickel complexes based on unsymmetric PCN pincer ligands have been synthesized and fully characterized using different techniques. The substituents on the nitrogen side arm of the ligand have great influence on the cyclometallation and the reactivity of the new complexes particularly in case of nickel. The less sterically hindered PCNMe ligand enabled formation of the trivalent n

Scientific assessments, such as those by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), inform policymakers and the public about the state of scientific evidence and related uncertainties. We studied how experts from different scientific disciplines who were authors of IPCC reports, interpret the uncertainty language recommended in the Guidance Note for Lead Authors of the IPCC Fifth AssessScientific assessments, such as those by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), inform policymakers and the public about the state of scientific evidence and related uncertainties. We studied how experts from different scientific disciplines who were authors of IPCC reports, interpret the uncertainty language recommended in the Guidance Note for Lead Authors of the IPCC Fifth Assess

The worsening climatic condition, together with a renewed wave of climate movements have spurred declarations of climate emergency by governmental institutions worldwide. In the city of Barcelona, unique for its social movement history and activist city council, such a declaration was issued on January 15th, 2020. In this context, this thesis looks at the specific discourse on climate emergency by

The Swedish policy towards ethnic associations constitutes a part of the integration policy, which has been subject to a number of changes since its introduction in the 1970s. The author of this thesis focuses on how the changes and the policy’s pendulous motion have affected the associations. She conducts interviews in order to compare the function of the association today and in the 1970s respec

Climate-focused study abroad relying on high-emitting travel poses a dilemma between study abroad and emission reductions. This study employs the three spheres of transformation investigating this dilemma through coding syllabi (n=156,) surveying educators (n=9,) and interviewing (n=14) Climate Action Network for International Educators (CANIE) affiliates considering whether studying climate chang

Since Markowitz presented the mean-variance model as a way of putting together a financial portfolio, variance has been the established measure of risk. Even though the measures of downside risk hasn’t gained the same attention as variance, it has been used in research for some time. Semivariance, best described as the risk of a portfolio’s return falling below a set target, was introduced as a ri

The study investigates Carl Bildt, the Swedish minister of foreign affairs, use of the social media tool Twitter and its rhetorical usage. The study uses a neo-Aristotelian method and the artefact being studied is one month of tweets by Bildt. The study researched what the rhetorical function Bildt had with his usage of Twitter and how Twitter can be a strategic rhetorical tool for political commu

Greenland constitutes one of the youngest democracies in the world and is a society characterised by significant social, economic and political inequality. Centuries as a Danish colony have left it with relatively weak institutional structures and with limited tradition for public dialogue. Today, as the country is at the verge of new large-scale industrial developments, calls for increasing publi

I juli 2016 introducerades lagen om tillfälliga begränsningar av möjligheten att få uppehållstillstånd i Sverige (den tillfälliga lagen). Ikraftträdandet av den tillfälliga lagen innebar att rätten till familjeåterförening för alternativt skyddsbehövande begränsades avsevärt. Enligt 7§ den tillfälliga lagen exkluderades alternativt skyddsbehövande från rätten att återförenas med sin familj under dIn July 2016, the Law on temporary limitations to the possibility of being granted residence permit in Sweden (the Temporary Law) came into force. The Temporary Law implied a sharp turn in Swedish asylum legislation. The right to family reunification, which previously had been granted subsidiary protection beneficiaries and refugees on a similar basis, was suddenly heavily restricted for beneficia

Abstract Thesis Title: Research on Flexible and Innovative Enabling of Business Unit/ Responsibility Center Seminar date: 2018-01-11 Subject/Course: FEKH 69 Företagsekonomi: Examensarbete i Redovisning på Kandidatnivå Author: Danfeng Zhang Advisor: Peter W Jönsson Key words: Business unit, responsibility center, management control system, flexibility, innovation, organizational structure Aim: The